{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415098388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000045203","title":"Malnutrition in Japanese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective cohort study","display_name":"Malnutrition in Japanese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective cohort study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415098388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000045203","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41088619","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12517812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000045203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000045203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000045203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000045203","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068067571","display_name":"Seiichi Kobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1347-3395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1347-3395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284525","display_name":"Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03qbehn19","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799517759","https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seiichi Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan","Seiichi Kobayashi, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita, Ishinomaki 986-8522, Miyagi, Japan (e-mail"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1347-3395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seiichi Kobayashi, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita, Ishinomaki 986-8522, Miyagi, Japan (e-mail","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083878092","display_name":"Manabu Ono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-9773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-9773"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284525","display_name":"Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03qbehn19","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799517759","https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manabu Ono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073952084","display_name":"Masatsugu Ishida","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284525","display_name":"Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03qbehn19","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799517759","https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masatsugu Ishida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032162729","display_name":"Hikari Satoh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284525","display_name":"Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03qbehn19","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799517759","https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hikari Satoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081907556","display_name":"Masakazu Hanagama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284525","display_name":"Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03qbehn19","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799517759","https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masakazu Hanagama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056443617","display_name":"Masaru Yanai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6181-7992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6181-7992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284525","display_name":"Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03qbehn19","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799517759","https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaru Yanai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068067571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284525"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":0.5303,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57867413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"41","first_page":"e45203","last_page":"e45203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10397","display_name":"Nutrition and Health in Aging","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10858","display_name":"Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malnutrition","display_name":"malnutrition","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-body-mass-index","display_name":"low body mass index","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-exacerbation-of-copd","display_name":"COPD exacerbations","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization","display_name":"hospitalization","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-mortality","display_name":"respiratory mortality","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-weakness","display_name":"muscle weakness","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyspnea","display_name":"dyspnea","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-patients","display_name":"Japanese patients","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9628000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551997983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167","display_name":"Malnutrition","level":2,"score":0.8723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777014857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383410","display_name":"Exacerbation","level":2,"score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6323000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6310999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.5616999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5400999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4787999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777104659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3508797","display_name":"Obstructive lung disease","level":3,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7336293","display_name":"Risk of mortality","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779543058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4200712","display_name":"Mass index","level":3,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Respiratory disease","level":3,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000095225","descriptor_name":"East Asian People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007564","descriptor_name":"Japan","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044342","descriptor_name":"Malnutrition","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044342","descriptor_name":"Malnutrition","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044342","descriptor_name":"Malnutrition","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044342","descriptor_name":"Malnutrition","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000045203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000045203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000045203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12517812","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12517812/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12517812/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine (Baltimore)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11325398","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12517812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41088619","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41088619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000045203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000045203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000045203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415098388.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415098388.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133763931","https://openalex.org/W1602230476","https://openalex.org/W1910787840","https://openalex.org/W2029230411","https://openalex.org/W2121960517","https://openalex.org/W2125078269","https://openalex.org/W2147070022","https://openalex.org/W2148736532","https://openalex.org/W2156804062","https://openalex.org/W2473213048","https://openalex.org/W2559892788","https://openalex.org/W2621819328","https://openalex.org/W2624501667","https://openalex.org/W2893019065","https://openalex.org/W2897513125","https://openalex.org/W2902701995","https://openalex.org/W2981067716","https://openalex.org/W2981414419","https://openalex.org/W2986720398","https://openalex.org/W3005437800","https://openalex.org/W3091297068","https://openalex.org/W3107893722","https://openalex.org/W3124165021","https://openalex.org/W3159395690","https://openalex.org/W3195319542","https://openalex.org/W3215446892","https://openalex.org/W4213230176","https://openalex.org/W4225310566","https://openalex.org/W4231015464","https://openalex.org/W4245666729","https://openalex.org/W4308866388","https://openalex.org/W4364359933","https://openalex.org/W4379769093","https://openalex.org/W4389750125","https://openalex.org/W4392663264","https://openalex.org/W4392799711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4364359933","https://openalex.org/W4391553548","https://openalex.org/W2905658580","https://openalex.org/W158065975","https://openalex.org/W3124165021","https://openalex.org/W4411977319","https://openalex.org/W2913601933","https://openalex.org/W2893019065","https://openalex.org/W4388806082","https://openalex.org/W2563840005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malnutrition":[0,41,76,270],"is":[1,14,271],"a":[2,109,164,203],"common":[3],"condition":[4],"in":[5,78,236,262,276],"patients":[6,80,91,142,201,214,238,264,278],"with":[7,16,81,92,151,157,161,191,212,273,279],"chronic":[8],"obstructive":[9],"pulmonary":[10],"disease":[11],"(COPD)":[12],"and":[13,24,60,104,138,168,186,222,230,246,287],"associated":[15,272],"impaired":[17],"lung":[18],"function,":[19],"worsened":[20,176],"dyspnea,":[21,175],"increased":[22],"exacerbations,":[23,207],"higher":[25,165,204,235],"mortality.":[26,139],"However,":[27],"diagnostic":[28],"criteria":[29,42,77],"for":[30,117,259,284],"malnutrition":[31,63,137,162,195,242],"have":[32],"not":[33],"been":[34],"consistent.":[35],"The":[36,113,255],"Global":[37,72],"Leadership":[38,73],"Initiative":[39,74],"on":[40,75],"were":[43,106,119,155,233],"recently":[44],"introduced":[45],"to":[46,55,65,97,132],"standardize":[47],"the":[48,57,71,134,282],"diagnosis":[49,286],"of":[50,62,70,206],"malnutrition.":[51,158],"This":[52],"study":[53,86],"aimed":[54],"evaluate":[56],"prevalence,":[58],"characteristics,":[59,101],"outcomes":[61,275],"according":[64],"low":[66],"body":[67],"mass":[68],"index":[69],"Japanese":[79,90,277],"COPD.":[82],"A":[83,125],"prospective":[84],"observational":[85],"was":[87,130,265],"conducted":[88],"among":[89],"COPD":[93],"from":[94],"April":[95],"2018":[96],"September":[98],"2024.":[99],"Patient":[100],"exacerbation":[102],"frequency,":[103],"mortality":[105,232,261],"assessed":[107],"over":[108],"5-year":[110],"follow-up":[111],"period.":[112],"odds":[114],"ratios":[115],"(ORs)":[116],"exacerbations":[118],"estimated":[120],"using":[121],"logistic":[122],"regression":[123],"analysis.":[124],"Cox":[126],"proportional":[127],"hazards":[128],"model":[129],"used":[131],"examine":[133],"association":[135],"between":[136],"Among":[140],"309":[141],"(294":[143],"males,":[144],"15":[145],"females;":[146],"median":[147,166],"age,":[148],"76":[149],"years)":[150],"stable":[152],"COPD,":[153,280],"14.5%":[154],"diagnosed":[156,160],"Patients":[159],"had":[163,202],"age":[167],"showed":[169],"greater":[170],"airflow":[171],"obstruction,":[172],"more":[173],"severe":[174],"health":[177],"status,":[178],"depressive":[179],"state,":[180],"muscle":[181],"weakness,":[182],"reduced":[183],"exercise":[184],"capacity,":[185],"lower":[187],"physical":[188],"activity":[189],"compared":[190,211],"those":[192,240],"who":[193],"without":[194,241],"(all":[196],"P":[197,252],"<":[198,253],".05).":[199],"Malnourished":[200],"risk":[205],"including":[208],"hospital":[209],"admissions,":[210],"well-nourished":[213],"(OR,":[215],"2.7,":[216],"95%":[217,225],"confidence":[218],"interval":[219],"[CI],":[220],"1.2-5.9;":[221],"OR,":[223],"3.6,":[224],"CI,":[226,268],"1.5-8.7,":[227],"respectively).":[228],"All-cause":[229],"respiratory-associated":[231],"significantly":[234],"malnourished":[237,263],"than":[239],"(43.6%":[243],"vs":[244,248],"19.1%,":[245],"10.3%":[247],"2.5%,":[249],"respectively;":[250],"both":[251],".01).":[254],"adjusted":[256],"hazard":[257],"ratio":[258],"all-cause":[260],"2.3":[266],"(95%":[267],"1.3-4.2).":[269],"adverse":[274],"emphasizing":[281],"need":[283],"timely":[285],"management.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2025-10-13T00:00:00"}