{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415087166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7790796/v1","title":"Automated classification of five types of ovine white blood cells using Convolutional Neural Network and image processing","display_name":"Automated classification of five types of ovine white blood cells using Convolutional Neural Network and image processing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415087166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7790796/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7790796/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7790796/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7790796/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7790796/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7790796/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119958426","display_name":"Mahyar Zakavati Avval","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130889","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Shabestar","ror":"https://ror.org/03b49d241","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210130889"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahyar Zakavati Avval","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060358270","display_name":"Ali Rezapour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-4812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-4812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293555014","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/04hnf9a51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I1293555014"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Rezapour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-4812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293555014"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034764990","display_name":"Shahin Akbarpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-2807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-2807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130889","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Shabestar","ror":"https://ror.org/03b49d241","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210130889"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahin Akbarpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119958426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130889"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-blood-cell-classification","display_name":"white blood cell classification","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sheep","display_name":"sheep","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/veterinary-diagnosis","display_name":"veterinary diagnostics","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopic-blood-images","display_name":"microscopic blood images","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing-pipeline","display_name":"image processing pipeline","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7659000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6592000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6590999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.6297000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5885000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45719999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778488018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42395","display_name":"White blood cell","level":2,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019060180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automated method","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7790796/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7790796/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7790796/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7790796/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7790796/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7790796/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7790796/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7790796/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321389","display_name":"Islamic Azad University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415087166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415087166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008175778","https://openalex.org/W2035020726","https://openalex.org/W2471704596","https://openalex.org/W2606314294","https://openalex.org/W2920067160","https://openalex.org/W3009688668","https://openalex.org/W3183317703","https://openalex.org/W4205197075","https://openalex.org/W4319770313","https://openalex.org/W4385848345","https://openalex.org/W4388695371","https://openalex.org/W4391756887","https://openalex.org/W4392994440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403346040","https://openalex.org/W4403332574","https://openalex.org/W2904644804","https://openalex.org/W4254502624","https://openalex.org/W7172127888","https://openalex.org/W3154984757","https://openalex.org/W4327603902","https://openalex.org/W4409980287","https://openalex.org/W2551596518","https://openalex.org/W2790011054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"The":[2,86,108],"differential":[3],"classification":[4,22,92,121],"of":[5,38,94],"white":[6],"blood":[7],"cells":[8],"(WBCs)":[9],"is":[10,23],"crucial":[11],"for":[12,34,82,118],"diagnosing":[13],"various":[14],"health":[15],"conditions":[16],"in":[17,73,122,127],"veterinary":[18,128],"medicine.":[19],"Traditional":[20],"manual":[21],"time-consuming":[24],"and":[25,44,75,115],"subjective.":[26],"Methods":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29],"presents":[30],"an":[31,90],"automated":[32,119],"system":[33,110],"classifying":[35],"five":[36,104],"types":[37],"ovine":[39],"WBCs":[40],"using":[41],"image":[42,68],"processing":[43,69],"Convolutional":[45],"Neural":[46],"Networks":[47],"(CNN).":[48],"Blood":[49],"samples":[50],"from":[51],"36":[52],"adult":[53],"sheep":[54],"were":[55],"used":[56],"to":[57],"create":[58],"500":[59],"microscopic":[60],"images":[61],"(100":[62],"per":[63],"cell":[64],"type).":[65],"A":[66],"comprehensive":[67],"pipeline":[70],"was":[71,80],"implemented":[72],"MATLAB":[74],"a":[76,112],"custom":[77],"CNN":[78,87],"architecture":[79],"designed":[81],"five-class":[83],"classification.":[84],"Results":[85],"model":[88],"achieved":[89],"overall":[91],"accuracy":[93],"96.72%":[95],"through":[96],"5-fold":[97],"cross-validation,":[98],"demonstrating":[99],"robust":[100],"performance":[101],"across":[102],"all":[103],"leukocyte":[105],"types.":[106],"Conclusion":[107],"proposed":[109],"provides":[111],"reliable,":[113],"efficient,":[114],"accurate":[116],"tool":[117],"WBC":[120],"sheep,":[123],"with":[124],"potential":[125],"applications":[126],"diagnostics.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-10-12T00:00:00"}