{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415077940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","title":"Two decades of spatial and temporal pesticide risk to non-target invertebrates in England farmlands","display_name":"Two decades of spatial and temporal pesticide risk to non-target invertebrates in England farmlands","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415077940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41101030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143381477","display_name":"Environment International","issn_l":"0160-4120","issn":["0160-4120","1873-6750"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056124842","display_name":"Melanie Gibbs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-9789","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-9789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melanie Gibbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-9789","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032852419","display_name":"Francesca Mancini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4085-4978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4085-4978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Mancini","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047172838","display_name":"Claire Carvell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6784-3593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6784-3593"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire Carvell","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077314811","display_name":"Gary D. Powney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-7786","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-7786"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Powney","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024727981","display_name":"Colin A. Harrower","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-5293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-5293"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin A. Harrower","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-5293","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038344633","display_name":"Grace Skinner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6972-2963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6972-2963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grace Skinner","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6972-2963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099993096","display_name":"Eleanor L. Dearlove","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-9554","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-9554"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243155512","display_name":"Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board","ror":"https://ror.org/010gf7388","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I243155512","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellie Dearlove","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK; Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, Middlemarch Business Park, Siskin Parkway East, Coventry CV3 4PE, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-9554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK; Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, Middlemarch Business Park, Siskin Parkway East, Coventry CV3 4PE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243155512","https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012863012","display_name":"Alexander G. Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-361X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-361X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-361X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076383794","display_name":"Carolin L. Schultz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-5114","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-5114"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolin L. Schultz","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-5114","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Susan Jarvis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Jarvis","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023175145","display_name":"Richard F. Pywell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-9959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-9959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Pywell","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082991898","display_name":"Ben Alex Woodcock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-9951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-9951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben A. Woodcock","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-9951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039479556","display_name":"David J. Spurgeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092773","display_name":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Spurgeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK. Electronic address: dasp@ceh.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK. Electronic address: dasp@ceh.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039479556"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"],"apc_list":{"value":4750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4750},"apc_paid":{"value":4750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4750},"fwci":0.621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55678584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"204","issue":null,"first_page":"109856","last_page":"109856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":0.5601000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":0.5601000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13165","display_name":"Agricultural safety and regulations","score":0.12610000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.10050000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-risk-assessment","display_name":"pesticide risk assessment","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-target-invertebrates","display_name":"non-target invertebrates","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arable-farmland","display_name":"arable farmland","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bees","display_name":"bees","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earthworms","display_name":"earthworms","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collembola","display_name":"Collembola","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasitoid-wasps","display_name":"parasitoid wasps","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroptera","display_name":"Neuroptera","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insecticides","display_name":"insecticides","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fungicides","display_name":"fungicides","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicides","display_name":"herbicides","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonicotinoids","display_name":"neonicotinoids","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphates","display_name":"organophosphates","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrethroid-insecticides","display_name":"pyrethroid insecticides","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organochlorine-compounds","display_name":"organochlorine compounds","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triazole-fungicides","display_name":"triazole fungicides","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluazinam","display_name":"fluazinam","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/england","display_name":"England","score":0.7870000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.7398999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71762439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843920","display_name":"Arable land","level":3,"score":0.6053000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.5889000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.5533000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778226232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1380756","display_name":"Pesticide application","level":3,"score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13474642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43806","display_name":"Invertebrate","level":2,"score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74600772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193237","display_name":"Fungicide","level":2,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207581243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746959","display_name":"Agrochemical","level":3,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106848363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118259","display_name":"Pesticide residue","level":3,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777500947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902225","display_name":"Neonicotinoid","level":4,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780120631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282003","display_name":"Lindane","level":3,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072480","descriptor_name":"Farms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007306","descriptor_name":"Insecticides","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007448","descriptor_name":"Invertebrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010575","descriptor_name":"Pesticides","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010575","descriptor_name":"Pesticides","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143381477","display_name":"Environment International","issn_l":"0160-4120","issn":["0160-4120","1873-6750"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41101030","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41101030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment international","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:540432","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-9789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400758","display_name":"NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141816643","host_organization_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Publication - Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d2b495148eb04541830aa06a4ea98020","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d2b495148eb04541830aa06a4ea98020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Environment International, Vol 204, Iss , Pp 109856- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143381477","display_name":"Environment International","issn_l":"0160-4120","issn":["0160-4120","1873-6750"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6735000014305115},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.4390000104904175}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1542205918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"09221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338134","funder_display_name":"Centre for Ecology and Hydrology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3502429868","display_name":"Towards Sustainable, Climate-Neutral Farming Systems (AgZero+)","funder_award_id":"NE/W005050/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7059582264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/V006878/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338134","funder_display_name":"Centre for Ecology and Hydrology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309237","display_name":"Palestinian American Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00c072981"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338134","display_name":"Centre for Ecology and Hydrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971710957","https://openalex.org/W1974307800","https://openalex.org/W1988171449","https://openalex.org/W1995848123","https://openalex.org/W2000432942","https://openalex.org/W2050676639","https://openalex.org/W2055053114","https://openalex.org/W2085885436","https://openalex.org/W2086121110","https://openalex.org/W2127359897","https://openalex.org/W2296804791","https://openalex.org/W2465203345","https://openalex.org/W2698533999","https://openalex.org/W2729541228","https://openalex.org/W2769594382","https://openalex.org/W2798108554","https://openalex.org/W2904487068","https://openalex.org/W2904706554","https://openalex.org/W3006728139","https://openalex.org/W3009766474","https://openalex.org/W3190427823","https://openalex.org/W4230334400","https://openalex.org/W4233122979","https://openalex.org/W4238536311","https://openalex.org/W4242899314","https://openalex.org/W4243723967","https://openalex.org/W4244799588","https://openalex.org/W4249958022","https://openalex.org/W4250958667","https://openalex.org/W4308910643","https://openalex.org/W4312210039","https://openalex.org/W4376643243","https://openalex.org/W4388563703","https://openalex.org/W4403054384","https://openalex.org/W4407549707","https://openalex.org/W6913131544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249327999","https://openalex.org/W4392816924","https://openalex.org/W7009401524","https://openalex.org/W4310817498","https://openalex.org/W2019157640","https://openalex.org/W4413825107","https://openalex.org/W7034407271","https://openalex.org/W4401433921","https://openalex.org/W2098283063","https://openalex.org/W4388039196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pesticide":[0],"impact":[1],"assessment":[2],"methods":[3],"provide":[4],"relevant":[5],"approaches":[6],"to":[7,10,35,114,124,136,151,178,187,220],"quantifying":[8],"risks":[9,176],"non-target":[11],"terrestrial":[12],"biodiversity":[13],"in":[14,51,79,90,116,126,138,153,192,228],"agricultural":[15],"systems.":[16],"Here":[17],"we":[18,65],"develop":[19],"such":[20,198],"an":[21],"approach":[22],"through":[23],"combined":[24],"analysis":[25],"of":[26,40,43,47,86,93,204,207,211,223,235],"pesticide":[27,68,99,179,249],"usage,":[28],"cropping":[29],"patterns":[30],"and":[31,59,76,81,110,120,162,195,231,240,247],"ecotoxicological":[32],"hazard":[33,242],"datasets":[34],"generate":[36],"a":[37],"temporal":[38,175],"series":[39],"maps":[41],"(1994-2016)":[42],"the":[44,91,104,133,148,163,190,200,208,221,233],"spatial":[45],"risk":[46,69,94,115,125,137,152,250],"pesticides":[48],"for":[49,55,70,168],"invertebrates":[50],"England.":[52],"Using":[53],"data":[54,239],"179":[56],"insecticides,":[57],"fungicides":[58,119,158,161],"herbicides":[60,121,129],"applied":[61,98],"on":[62,103],"arable":[63],"crops,":[64],"assessed":[66],"how":[67,215,232],"bees,":[71],"earthworms,":[72,157],"springtails,":[73],"parasitic":[74,154],"wasps":[75],"lacewings":[77],"varied":[78],"space":[80],"time":[82],"over":[83],"two":[84],"decades":[85],"usage":[87,180,238],"shift.":[88],"Change":[89],"extent":[92],"associated":[95],"with":[96,141],"annual":[97],"amounts":[100],"differed":[101],"depending":[102],"organism":[105],"examined.":[106],"Organophosphates,":[107],"pyrethroids,":[108],"organochlorines":[109],"neonicotinoids":[111],"all":[112,122],"contributed":[113,123],"bees.":[117],"Insecticides,":[118],"springtails.":[127],"Unexpectedly":[128],"(particularly":[130,145,159],"chlorotoluran)":[131],"had":[132],"largest":[134],"contribution":[135,150],"lacewings,":[139],"albeit":[140],"some":[142],"uncertainty.":[143],"Insecticides":[144],"organophosphates)":[146],"made":[147],"greatest":[149],"wasps.":[155],"For":[156],"triazole":[160],"diarylamine":[164],"fluazinam)":[165],"were":[166],"important":[167],"risk.":[169],"A":[170],"noteworthy":[171],"finding":[172],"was":[173],"that":[174],"linked":[177],"have":[181],"changed":[182],"only":[183],"modestly":[184],"from":[185,202],"1994":[186],"2016,":[188],"despite":[189],"changes":[191],"approved":[193],"authorisations":[194],"key":[196],"policy":[197],"as":[199],"removal":[201],"use":[203],"most":[205],"members":[206],"neonicotinoid":[209],"class":[210],"insecticides.":[212],"We":[213],"discuss":[214],"insights,":[216],"particularly":[217],"those":[218],"relating":[219],"magnitude":[222],"risk,":[224],"should":[225],"be":[226],"considered":[227],"future":[229,248],"studies,":[230],"provision":[234],"higher":[236],"resolution":[237],"better":[241],"information":[243],"could":[244],"improve":[245],"past":[246],"understanding.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-12T00:00:00"}
