{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414979537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090121","title":"Comparison of efficacy and safety of different types of electrical stimulation for shoulder subluxation after acute stroke: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","display_name":"Comparison of efficacy and safety of different types of electrical stimulation for shoulder subluxation after acute stroke: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414979537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090121","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41067774","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12519647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090121","pdf_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/10/e090121.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/10/e090121.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068327260","display_name":"Mengfan Kan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3248-0875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3248-0875"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengfan Kan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3248-0875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047728996","display_name":"Qiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2981-9322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2981-9322"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2981-9322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuqin Dan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118783713","display_name":"Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0qbd70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118783713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqin Dan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institution of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institution of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118783713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318909","display_name":"Linlin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9180-6357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9180-6357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134738993","display_name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0523y5c19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159257","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/052q26725","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159257"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993","https://openalex.org/I4210159257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenkai Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159257","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/052q26725","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159257"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenkai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437391","display_name":"Linlin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-087X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-087X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fourth People\u2019s Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-087X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fourth People\u2019s Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yitong Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yitong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055270793","display_name":"Ziyun Feng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134738993","display_name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0523y5c19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159257","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/052q26725","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159257"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161139","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM","ror":"https://ror.org/057bhmh42","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161139"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziyun Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993","https://openalex.org/I4210159257","https://openalex.org/I4210161139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055270793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993","https://openalex.org/I4210159257","https://openalex.org/I4210161139"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1839},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1839},"fwci":0.3157,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34696406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"e090121","last_page":"e090121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shoulder-subluxation","display_name":"shoulder subluxation","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glenohumeral-subluxation","display_name":"glenohumeral subluxation","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-stroke","display_name":"acute stroke","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrotherapy","display_name":"electrotherapy","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyographic-biofeedback","display_name":"EMG biofeedback","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroacupuncture","display_name":"electroacupuncture","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromuscular-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"neuromuscular electrical stimulation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemiplegia","display_name":"hemiplegia","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shoulder-pain","display_name":"shoulder pain","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shoulder-rehabilitation","display_name":"shoulder rehabilitation","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brachial-plexus-injury","display_name":"brachial plexus injury","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-meta-analysis","display_name":"network meta-analysis","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficacy-and-safety-comparison","display_name":"comparative efficacy and safety","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-patients","display_name":"Chinese patients","score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-rehabilitation","display_name":"stroke rehabilitation","score":0.3269999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9800999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6836000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.6653000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.49869999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.43939998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776824190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753108","display_name":"Subluxation","level":3,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780457017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758798","display_name":"Shoulder joint","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653580","display_name":"Electrical muscle stimulation","level":3,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68312169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216685","display_name":"Orthopedic surgery","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020336477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806585","display_name":"Treatment protocol","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071076","descriptor_name":"Network Meta-Analysis as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078202","descriptor_name":"Systematic Reviews as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012783","descriptor_name":"Shoulder Dislocation","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012783","descriptor_name":"Shoulder Dislocation","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090121","pdf_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/10/e090121.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11327293","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12519647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41067774","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41067774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ open","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12519647","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12519647/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:02f2e4606dbc4b8f9742183eef865a3e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/02f2e4606dbc4b8f9742183eef865a3e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open, Vol 15, Iss 10 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090121","pdf_url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/10/e090121.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79054089","display_name":"BMJ Open","issn_l":"2044-6055","issn":["2044-6055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol","display_name":"Study Protocol"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414979537.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414979537.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880833293","https://openalex.org/W1902576439","https://openalex.org/W1975155970","https://openalex.org/W2087610286","https://openalex.org/W2125435699","https://openalex.org/W2125989550","https://openalex.org/W2126930838","https://openalex.org/W2157823046","https://openalex.org/W2161374186","https://openalex.org/W2286898051","https://openalex.org/W2295756358","https://openalex.org/W2363252005","https://openalex.org/W2463231993","https://openalex.org/W2533441867","https://openalex.org/W2590719268","https://openalex.org/W2598999264","https://openalex.org/W2764139852","https://openalex.org/W2768103610","https://openalex.org/W2769488285","https://openalex.org/W2792866242","https://openalex.org/W2908664935","https://openalex.org/W2969091175","https://openalex.org/W2975944521","https://openalex.org/W3014231509","https://openalex.org/W3015163167","https://openalex.org/W3165275840","https://openalex.org/W3212884960","https://openalex.org/W3215242869","https://openalex.org/W4210317835","https://openalex.org/W4291818555","https://openalex.org/W4313467160","https://openalex.org/W4315785725","https://openalex.org/W4391607946","https://openalex.org/W4392791500","https://openalex.org/W4394847715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158126993","https://openalex.org/W4414668883","https://openalex.org/W2598999264","https://openalex.org/W2764139852","https://openalex.org/W7084747254","https://openalex.org/W3176910756","https://openalex.org/W7204292583","https://openalex.org/W2150599221","https://openalex.org/W7122744638","https://openalex.org/W3165275840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Glenohumeral":[1],"subluxation":[2,81],"(GHS)":[3],"is":[4,75,324],"a":[5,69,94,336],"common":[6],"rehabilitation":[7],"challenge":[8],"in":[9,45,110,175,190,193,199,308],"the":[10,58,99,122,156,159,186,234,252,280,290,298],"hemiplegic":[11],"upper":[12],"limb":[13],"following":[14,112,123],"stroke,":[15],"potentially":[16],"leading":[17],"to":[18,67,97,172,232,264,313,335],"shoulder":[19,80],"pain,":[20],"secondary":[21],"brachial":[22],"plexus":[23],"injury":[24],"and":[25,38,54,85,146,168,197,214,224,249,267,289,303,306,316],"various":[26],"other":[27],"complications.":[28],"While":[29],"electrical":[30,40,104,239],"stimulation":[31,105,240],"therapies,":[32,62],"such":[33],"as":[34],"electromyography":[35],"biofeedback,":[36],"electroacupuncture":[37],"neuromuscular":[39],"stimulation,":[41],"have":[42,56,65],"shown":[43],"promise":[44],"managing":[46],"GHS,":[47],"some":[48],"controversy":[49],"remains.":[50],"Although":[51],"clinical":[52],"trials":[53],"meta-analyses":[55,205,216],"confirmed":[57],"efficacy":[59,101,236],"of":[60,88,102,131,161,182,188,195,237,246,251,254,271,283,292,300],"these":[61],"healthcare":[63],"professionals":[64],"yet":[66],"reach":[68],"consensus":[70],"on":[71],"which":[72],"specific":[73],"therapy":[74],"most":[76],"effective":[77],"for":[78,107,327],"reducing":[79],"(SS),":[82],"alleviating":[83],"pain":[84],"improving":[86],"quality":[87,194],"life.":[89],"This":[90],"study":[91],"will":[92,119,154,169,184,202,256,276,294,332],"perform":[93],"network":[95,215],"meta-analysis":[96],"compare":[98,233],"relative":[100,235],"different":[103,238],"therapies":[106],"treating":[108],"GHS":[109],"patients":[111],"acute":[113],"stroke.":[114],"METHODS":[115],"AND":[116,320],"ANALYSIS:":[117],"We":[118,201],"systematically":[120],"search":[121,153],"databases:":[124],"PubMed,":[125],"MEDLINE,":[126],"Embase,":[127],"Cochrane":[128,210,281],"Library,":[129],"Web":[130],"Science,":[132],"Chinese":[133,176],"biomedical":[134],"literature":[135],"database":[136,163],"(SinoMed),":[137],"Wanfang":[138],"databases":[139],"(Wanfang),":[140],"VIP":[141],"Journal":[142],"Integration":[143],"Platform":[144],"(VIP)":[145],"China":[147],"National":[148],"Knowledge":[149],"Infrastructure":[150],"(CNKI).":[151],"Our":[152],"cover":[155],"period":[157],"from":[158],"inception":[160],"each":[162],"until":[164],"14":[165],"April":[166],"2025,":[167],"be":[170,185,258,277,295,333],"restricted":[171],"studies":[173,275],"published":[174],"or":[177,339],"English.":[178],"The":[179,222,269,330],"primary":[180],"outcomes":[181],"interest":[183],"degree":[187],"improvement":[189],"SS,":[191],"improvements":[192],"life":[196],"reductions":[198],"pain.":[200],"conduct":[203],"pairwise":[204],"using":[206,217,279,297],"RevMan":[207],"V.5.3":[208],"(The":[209],"Collaboration,":[211],"Copenhagen,":[212],"Denmark),":[213],"ADDIS":[218],"V.1.16.6":[219],"(Drugis,":[220],"Groningen,":[221],"Netherlands)":[223],"Stata":[225],"V.16.0":[226],"(StataCorp,":[227],"College":[228],"Station,":[229],"Texas,":[230],"USA)":[231],"therapies.":[241],"Screening,":[242],"data":[243],"extraction,":[244],"risk":[245,270],"bias":[247,272],"assessment":[248],"evaluation":[250],"certainty":[253,291],"evidence":[255,293],"all":[257],"performed":[259],"independently":[260],"by":[261],"two":[262],"reviewers":[263],"ensure":[265,314],"accuracy":[266],"reliability.":[268],"within":[273],"individual":[274],"assessed":[278],"Risk":[282],"Bias":[284],"2":[285],"(ROB":[286],"2)":[287],"tool,":[288],"evaluated":[296],"Grading":[299],"Recommendations":[301],"Assessment,":[302],"Evaluation":[304],"(GRADE)":[305],"Confidence":[307],"Network":[309],"Meta-Analysis":[310],"(CINeMA)":[311],"frameworks":[312],"transparency":[315],"methodological":[317],"rigour.":[318],"ETHICS":[319],"DISSEMINATION:":[321],"Ethical":[322],"approval":[323],"not":[325],"required":[326],"this":[328],"study.":[329],"findings":[331],"submitted":[334],"peer-reviewed":[337],"journal":[338],"conference.":[340],"PROSPERO":[341],"REGISTRATION":[342],"NUMBER:":[343],"CRD42024541228.":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
