{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414975244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.06299","title":"How malicious AI swarms can threaten democracy: The fusion of agentic AI and LLMs marks a new frontier in information warfare","display_name":"How malicious AI swarms can threaten democracy: The fusion of agentic AI and LLMs marks a new frontier in information warfare","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414975244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.06299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.06299","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06299","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.06299","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.06299","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018527445","display_name":"Daniel Thilo Schroeder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-5243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-5243"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schroeder, Daniel Thilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sustainable Communication Technologies , SINTEF Digital ; Oslo , Norway;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sustainable Communication Technologies , SINTEF Digital ; Oslo , Norway;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061810530","display_name":"Meeyoung Cha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4085-9648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4085-9648"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cha, Meeyoung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068182184","display_name":"Andrea Baronchelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0255-0829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0255-0829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","display_name":"St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/040f08y74","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165862685","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baronchelli, Andrea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics , City St George's University of London ; London , England , UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics , City St George's University of London ; London , England , UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027943191","display_name":"Nick Bostrom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bostrom, Nick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macrostrategy Research Initiative ; London , England , UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macrostrategy Research Initiative ; London , England , UK;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010495671","display_name":"Nicholas A. Christakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5547-1086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5547-1086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christakis, Nicholas A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Nature Lab , Yale University ; New Haven , Connecticut , USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Nature Lab , Yale University ; New Haven , Connecticut , USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084395089","display_name":"David Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-9151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-9151","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9655-9094","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0854-4248"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garcia, David","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Politics and Public Administration , University of Konstanz ; Konstanz , Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Politics and Public Administration , University of Konstanz ; Konstanz , Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025218700","display_name":"Amit Goldenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9417-5682","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9417-5682"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134579","display_name":"Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03pvyf116","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210134579"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goldenberg, Amit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Business School , Harvard University ; Boston , Massachusetts , United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School , Harvard University ; Boston , Massachusetts , United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002","https://openalex.org/I4210134579"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092356216","display_name":"Yara Kyrychenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-5046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-5046"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096386","display_name":"Bridge University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbm0437","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}],"countries":["GB","SS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyrychenko, Yara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology , University of Cambridge ; Cambridge , England , United Kingdom;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology , University of Cambridge ; Cambridge , England , United Kingdom;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089807699","display_name":"Kevin Leyton\u2010Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7644-5327","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7644-5327"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyton-Brown, Kevin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , University of British Columbia ; Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , University of British Columbia ; Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107619449","display_name":"Nina Lutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8259-8442","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8259-8442"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lutz, Nina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering , University of Washington ; Seattle , Washington , USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering , University of Washington ; Seattle , Washington , USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110126701","display_name":"Gary Marcus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus, Gary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology , New York University ; New York City , New York , USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology , New York University ; New York City , New York , USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021346979","display_name":"Filippo Menczer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4384-2876","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4384-2876"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menczer, Filippo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Observatory on Social Media and Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering , Indiana University ; Bloomington , Indiana , USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Observatory on Social Media and Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering , Indiana University ; Bloomington , Indiana , USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020533147","display_name":"Gordon Pennycook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-6143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-6143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pennycook, Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology , Cornell University ; Ithaca , New York , USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology , Cornell University ; Ithaca , New York , USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056499434","display_name":"David Gertler Rand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-2783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-2783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092791","display_name":"New York State College of Agriculture & Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j52pq61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4210092791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rand, David G.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Marketing and Management Communication , Cornell University ; Ithaca , New York , USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Marketing and Management Communication , Cornell University ; Ithaca , New York , USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4210092791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045432687","display_name":"Maria Ressa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146201","display_name":"Office of International Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ek3m339","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4210146201"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ressa, Maria","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of International and Public Affairs , Columbia University , New York , NY USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International and Public Affairs , Columbia University , New York , NY USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057650206","display_name":"Frank Schweitzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-6491","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-6491"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schweitzer, Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Technology, and Economics , ETH Z\u00fcrich ; Zurich , Switzerland;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Technology, and Economics , ETH Z\u00fcrich ; Zurich , Switzerland;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102480144","display_name":"Dawn Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song, Dawn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of California Berkeley ; Berkeley , California , USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of California Berkeley ; Berkeley , California , USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031878516","display_name":"Christopher Summerfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-2653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-2653"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Summerfield, Christopher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental Psychology , University of Oxford ; Oxford , England , United Kingdom;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental Psychology , University of Oxford ; Oxford , England , United Kingdom;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085870264","display_name":"Audrey Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1644-7997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1644-7997"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang, Audrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Ambassador Taiwan ; Taipei , Taiwan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Ambassador Taiwan ; Taipei , Taiwan;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055444532","display_name":"Jay Joseph Van Bavel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-0442","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-0442"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van Bavel, Jay J.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073961643","display_name":"Sander van der Linden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-1744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-1744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096386","display_name":"Bridge University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbm0437","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}],"countries":["GB","SS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"van der Linden, Sander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology , University of Cambridge ; Cambridge , England , United Kingdom;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology , University of Cambridge ; Cambridge , England , United Kingdom;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046326662","display_name":"Jonas R\u00f8nningsdalen Kunst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-1256","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-1256"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181046868","display_name":"BI Norwegian Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/03ez40v33","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunst, Jonas R.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication and Culture , BI Norwegian Business School ; Oslo , Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication and Culture , BI Norwegian Business School ; Oslo , Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181046868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":21,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.79830002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.79830002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.1979999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-systems","display_name":"multi-agent systems","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agentic-ai","display_name":"agentic AI","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-warfare","display_name":"information warfare","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"disinformation","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propaganda","display_name":"propaganda","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-manipulation","display_name":"belief manipulation","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-of-thought-prompting","display_name":"chain-of-thought prompting","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-ai","display_name":"generative AI","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threats-to-democracy","display_name":"threats to democracy","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-governance","display_name":"AI governance","score":0.8429999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6632000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.412200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911036","display_name":"Information warfare","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60643870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949683","display_name":"Deterrence theory","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164614171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5204775","display_name":"DECIPHER","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982962833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092450","display_name":"Information fusion","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778491294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339824","display_name":"Mindset","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777362162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5594431","display_name":"Grand Challenges","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.06299","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06299","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.06299","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.06299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.06299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.06299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.06299","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06299","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.06299","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414975244.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414975244.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172400310","https://openalex.org/W7166811983","https://openalex.org/W7128114966","https://openalex.org/W4416994495","https://openalex.org/W7138234028","https://openalex.org/W7154097062","https://openalex.org/W4396813637","https://openalex.org/W7215089586","https://openalex.org/W4411088120","https://openalex.org/W4392654282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advances":[0],"in":[1],"AI":[2,58,88],"offer":[3],"the":[4,119],"prospect":[5],"of":[6,85,100],"manipulating":[7],"beliefs":[8],"and":[9,18,28,39,105,127],"behaviors":[10],"on":[11,137],"a":[12,79],"population-wide":[13],"level.":[14],"Large":[15],"language":[16],"models":[17],"autonomous":[19],"agents":[20],"now":[21],"let":[22],"influence":[23],"campaigns":[24],"reach":[25],"unprecedented":[26],"scale":[27],"precision.":[29],"Generative":[30],"tools":[31],"can":[32,64],"expand":[33],"propaganda":[34],"output":[35],"without":[36],"sacrificing":[37],"credibility":[38],"inexpensively":[40],"create":[41],"falsehoods":[42],"that":[43],"are":[44,98],"rated":[45],"as":[46,61,66],"more":[47,72],"human-like":[48],"than":[49],"those":[50],"written":[51],"by":[52,76],"humans.":[53],"Techniques":[54],"meant":[55],"to":[56,70],"refine":[57],"reasoning,":[59],"such":[60],"chain-of-thought":[62],"prompting,":[63],"just":[65],"effectively":[67],"be":[68],"used":[69],"generate":[71],"convincing":[73],"falsehoods.":[74],"Enabled":[75],"these":[77,96],"capabilities,":[78],"disruptive":[80],"threat":[81],"is":[82],"emerging:":[83],"swarms":[84],"collaborative,":[86],"malicious":[87],"agents.":[89],"Fusing":[90],"LLM":[91],"reasoning":[92],"with":[93],"multi-agent":[94],"architectures,":[95],"systems":[97],"capable":[99],"coordinating":[101],"autonomously,":[102],"infiltrating":[103],"communities,":[104],"fabricating":[106],"consensus":[107],"efficiently.":[108],"By":[109],"adaptively":[110],"mimicking":[111],"human":[112],"social":[113],"dynamics,":[114],"they":[115],"threaten":[116],"democracy.":[117],"Because":[118],"resulting":[120],"harms":[121],"stem":[122],"from":[123],"design,":[124],"commercial":[125],"incentives,":[126],"governance,":[128],"we":[129],"prioritize":[130],"interventions":[131],"at":[132],"multiple":[133],"leverage":[134],"points,":[135],"focusing":[136],"pragmatic":[138],"mechanisms":[139],"over":[140],"voluntary":[141],"compliance.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-09T00:00:00"}