{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414965892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","title":"Large Language Model AI and Lx Academic Writing: Challenges and Opportunities","display_name":"Large Language Model AI and Lx Academic Writing: Challenges and Opportunities","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414965892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464329","display_name":"Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Writing in Additional Languages (Lx): Teaching, Research, and Emerging Technologies","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414966230","display_name":"Academic Writing in Additional Languages (Lx): Teaching, Research, and Emerging Technologies"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074118855","display_name":"Oliver James Ballance","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-6406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-6406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["NZ","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver James Ballance","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warsaw","Vic- toria University of Wellington ( New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warsaw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vic- toria University of Wellington ( New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003884714","display_name":"Averil Coxhead","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-6961","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-6961"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Averil Coxhead","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington ( Seattle , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ( Seattle , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10366","display_name":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","score":0.38920000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10366","display_name":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","score":0.38920000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.34279999136924744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.08049999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-writing","display_name":"academic writing","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-instruction","display_name":"writing instruction","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llm-hallucination","display_name":"LLM hallucination","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-assessment","display_name":"writing assessment","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-ethics-in-education","display_name":"AI ethics in education","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-support","display_name":"language support","score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-assisted-writing","display_name":"AI-assisted writing","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6628999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6198999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119867837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4119870","display_name":"Academic writing","level":2,"score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1813318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465887","display_name":"Language industry","level":4,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779313563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072565","display_name":"On Language","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98545295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193158","display_name":"Technical writing","level":3,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14919245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1976109","display_name":"Language technology","level":4,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94922259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33215","display_name":"Constructed language","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464329","display_name":"Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Writing in Additional Languages (Lx): Teaching, Research, and Emerging Technologies","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323567332.pp.170-201","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464329","display_name":"Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Writing in Additional Languages (Lx): Teaching, Research, and Emerging Technologies","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310207","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311022","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emila","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323873","display_name":"Uniwersytet Warszawski","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324086","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414965892.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414965892.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104349377","https://openalex.org/W145540637","https://openalex.org/W1514520715","https://openalex.org/W1548749202","https://openalex.org/W1592189332","https://openalex.org/W1888026739","https://openalex.org/W2001771035","https://openalex.org/W2019540202","https://openalex.org/W2033706034","https://openalex.org/W2052794590","https://openalex.org/W2060060893","https://openalex.org/W2061433932","https://openalex.org/W2080491655","https://openalex.org/W2085937205","https://openalex.org/W2518815843","https://openalex.org/W2519064854","https://openalex.org/W2520842129","https://openalex.org/W2604799547","https://openalex.org/W2884159461","https://openalex.org/W2901255703","https://openalex.org/W2954484263","https://openalex.org/W2992693294","https://openalex.org/W3005978910","https://openalex.org/W3006292559","https://openalex.org/W3006482042","https://openalex.org/W3038516800","https://openalex.org/W3112103703","https://openalex.org/W3127999001","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3173953468","https://openalex.org/W3213588351","https://openalex.org/W4200105291","https://openalex.org/W4221015229","https://openalex.org/W4232746587","https://openalex.org/W4236227517","https://openalex.org/W4245738540","https://openalex.org/W4302143945","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4321616005","https://openalex.org/W4323848232","https://openalex.org/W4379598302","https://openalex.org/W4382197792","https://openalex.org/W4382765597","https://openalex.org/W4386331245","https://openalex.org/W4389524317","https://openalex.org/W4389785436","https://openalex.org/W4392935324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165032936","https://openalex.org/W4408316599","https://openalex.org/W4403941029","https://openalex.org/W4405468777","https://openalex.org/W4411226800","https://openalex.org/W7155209072","https://openalex.org/W7160525010","https://openalex.org/W4387938806","https://openalex.org/W7005016658","https://openalex.org/W7137471001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,21,132],"discusses":[2,60,91],"the":[3,44,47,52,63,97,105,115,123,150,160,166,172],"implications":[4],"of":[5,28,46,54,65,70,99,107,111,114,165,168,174],"large":[6,38],"language":[7,39,103],"model":[8],"artificial":[9,29],"intelligence":[10],"for":[11,162],"teaching,":[12],"learning,":[13,32],"testing,":[14],"and":[15,37,61,84,128,147,159],"producing":[16],"Lx":[17,55,117],"academic":[18,56,71,169],"writing.":[19,57],"The":[20,88,131],"first":[22],"provides":[23],"a":[24,145,157,163],"brief,":[25],"non-technical":[26],"description":[27],"intelligence,":[30],"machine":[31],"deep":[33],"learning":[34],"neural":[35],"networks,":[36],"models":[40,69],"(LLMs),":[41],"drawing":[42],"out":[43],"applications":[45],"latter":[48],"most":[49],"relevant":[50],"to":[51,67,120,122,137,154],"field":[53],"It":[58],"then":[59],"exemplifies":[62],"relevance":[64],"LLMs":[66],"influential":[68],"writing,":[72],"as":[73,136],"outlined":[74],"by":[75,96],"Hyland":[76],"(2019):":[77],"structural,":[78],"functional,":[79],"creative":[80],"expression,":[81],"process,":[82],"content,":[83],"genre-focused":[85],"writing":[86,124,170],"pedagogies.":[87],"next":[89],"section":[90],"six":[92],"major":[93],"issues":[94],"raised":[95],"emergence":[98,173],"LLMs:":[100],"differences":[101],"in":[102],"support,":[104],"prevalence":[106],"LLM":[108],"hallucinations,":[109],"lack":[110],"intentionality,":[112],"redefinition":[113],"knowledge":[116],"writers":[118],"need":[119,161],"bring":[121],"task,":[125],"assessment":[126],"issues,":[127],"ethical":[129],"issues.":[130],"concludes":[133],"with":[134],"recommendations":[135],"how":[138],"this":[139,175],"technology":[140,176],"can":[141],"be":[142],"incorporated":[143],"within":[144],"consistent":[146],"defensible":[148],"pedagogy,":[149,158],"research":[151],"agenda":[152],"needed":[153],"support":[155],"such":[156],"revaluation":[164],"underpinnings":[167],"that":[171],"necessitates":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}