{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414876752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","title":"Age distinguishes selection from causation in cancer genomes","display_name":"Age distinguishes selection from causation in cancer genomes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414876752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41279109","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12632451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137905309","display_name":"Nature Genetics","issn_l":"1061-4036","issn":["1061-4036","1546-1718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003068253","display_name":"David M. Cheek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-7315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-7315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Cheek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. david_cheek@hms.harvard.edu","Harvard Medical School"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-7315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. david_cheek@hms.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042352388","display_name":"Martin Blohmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-8420","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-8420"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Blohmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-8420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081956768","display_name":"Martin A. Nowak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5489-0908","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5489-0908"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin A. Nowak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Harvard"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5489-0908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068238985","display_name":"Tibor Antal A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-8400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-8400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117017","display_name":"Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02tsqtg57","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I4210117017","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tibor Antal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and the Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-8400","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and the Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117017","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061240871","display_name":"Kamila Naxerova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7744-5110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7744-5110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155419","display_name":"Center for Systems Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3dyn47","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210155419","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kamila Naxerova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. kamila_naxerova@hms.harvard.edu","Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. kamila_naxerova@hms.harvard.edu","Harvard Medical School"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7744-5110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. kamila_naxerova@hms.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210155419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. kamila_naxerova@hms.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003068253","https://openalex.org/A5061240871"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210155419"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"fwci":14.0164,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9872957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"1320","last_page":"1330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11287","display_name":"Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11287","display_name":"Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10309","display_name":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-selection","display_name":"positive selection","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-genome","display_name":"cancer genome","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-age","display_name":"patient age","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-myeloid-leukemia","display_name":"acute myeloid leukemia","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-cancer","display_name":"childhood cancer","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-onset-cancer","display_name":"adult-onset cancer","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-risk","display_name":"cancer risk","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-mutations","display_name":"recurrent mutations","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-framework","display_name":"mathematical framework","score":0.3230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.7414000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.7210999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6521999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.5358999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197077220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720988","display_name":"Human genome","level":4,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910240311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418641","display_name":"Mutation Accumulation","level":4,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7386963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954859","display_name":"Negative selection","level":4,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106208931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","level":5,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113968399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7559241","display_name":"Somatic evolution in cancer","level":3,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47042493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265799","display_name":"Human genetics","level":3,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97425143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164786","display_name":"1000 Genomes Project","level":5,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75268714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43478","display_name":"Natural selection","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96232424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell","level":3,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205270622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17082639","display_name":"Cancer genome sequencing","level":5,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24432333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068526","display_name":"Whole genome sequencing","level":4,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10590036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417664","display_name":"Exome","level":5,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137905309","display_name":"Nature Genetics","issn_l":"1061-4036","issn":["1061-4036","1546-1718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.06.680730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.06.680730","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2025/10/06/2025.10.06.680730.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:41279109","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41279109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmid:42086853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42086853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature genetics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13263150","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42086853/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nat Genet","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11440040","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12632451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/88e95e43-cd47-4649-b441-dc1a4c0db9f7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/676967169/s41588-026-02593-z.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cheek, D, Blohmer, M, Nowak, M A, Antal, T & Naxerova, K 2026, 'Age distinguishes selection from causation in cancer genomes', Nature Genetics, vol. 58, pp. 1320-1330. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-026-02593-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137905309","display_name":"Nature Genetics","issn_l":"1061-4036","issn":["1061-4036","1546-1718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6285621390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01CA26928","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7868354891","display_name":"Illuminating the evolutionary history of colorectal cancer metastasis: basic principles and clinical applications","funder_award_id":"R37CA225655","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8444948184","display_name":"Defining the role of seed and soil in peritoneal metastasis evolution","funder_award_id":"1r01ca279054-01a1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000870786","display_name":"Hematopoiesis in Cardiovascular Disease","funder_award_id":"P01HL142494","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000904999","display_name":"Towards a complete characterization of the metastasis founder clones in colorectal cancer","funder_award_id":"R01CA269281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306710","display_name":"Glenn Foundation for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02ebg5q27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321589","display_name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/04w6kn183"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414876752.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414876752.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7162804438","https://openalex.org/W7162997617","https://openalex.org/W3005392003","https://openalex.org/W4280627930","https://openalex.org/W7148630229","https://openalex.org/W3095460831","https://openalex.org/W3211031678","https://openalex.org/W2146475919","https://openalex.org/W2511264022","https://openalex.org/W2121302546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cancer":[0],"genome":[1],"sequencing":[2],"efforts":[3],"have":[4],"revealed":[5],"hundreds":[6],"of":[7,13,34,85,151,166],"genes":[8],"under":[9],"positive":[10],"selection,":[11],"many":[12],"which":[14],"are":[15,45,64,100,109,118,187],"now":[16],"being":[17],"developed":[18],"as":[19,174],"therapeutic":[20],"targets.":[21],"However,":[22],"positively":[23,110,181],"selected":[24,111,182],"mutations":[25,93,107,183],"also":[26],"populate":[27],"our":[28],"aging":[29],"tissues":[30],"in":[31,48,102,112,120,184],"the":[32,148,156],"absence":[33],"cancer.":[35],"For":[36],"most":[37,95],"mutations,":[38],"it":[39],"is":[40],"currently":[41],"unknown":[42],"whether":[43,180],"they":[44,52,57],"recurrently":[46],"found":[47],"cancer":[49,54,86,98,117,128,185],"genomes":[50,90,186],"because":[51,56],"cause":[53],"or":[55],"expand":[58],"during":[59],"normal":[60,88,113,152],"tissue":[61,89,114,153],"evolution":[62],"and":[63,72,87,140],"passively":[65],"inherited.":[66],"Here,":[67],"we":[68,133],"develop":[69],"a":[70,125,163,175],"mathematical":[71],"statistical":[73],"framework":[74,170],"that":[75,92,94,108,135,159],"distinguishes":[76],"these":[77],"two":[78],"factors.":[79],"We":[80],"discover":[81],"-":[82,91],"across":[83],"thousands":[84],"strongly":[96],"increase":[97],"risk":[99],"enriched":[101,119],"younger":[103],"patients'":[104],"cancers,":[105],"whereas":[106],"without":[115],"causing":[116],"older":[121],"patients.":[122],"Focusing":[123],"on":[124],"particularly":[126],"data-rich":[127],"type,":[129],"acute":[130],"myeloid":[131],"leukemia,":[132],"show":[134],"genetic":[136],"differences":[137],"between":[138],"young-":[139],"adult-onset":[141],"cancers":[142,161],"can":[143],"largely":[144],"be":[145],"explained":[146],"by":[147],"cumulative":[149],"effects":[150],"evolution,":[154],"contradicting":[155],"long-standing":[157],"notion":[158],"childhood":[160],"require":[162],"distinct":[164],"set":[165],"causal":[167],"mutations.":[168],"Our":[169],"establishes":[171],"patient":[172],"age":[173],"powerful":[176],"resource":[177],"for":[178],"clarifying":[179],"truly":[188],"disease-promoting.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
