{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414870105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000044867","title":"Association between NPAR and diabetic kidney disease: Insights from NHANES 2017 to 2020","display_name":"Association between NPAR and diabetic kidney disease: Insights from NHANES 2017 to 2020","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414870105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000044867","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41054105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000044867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000044867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000044867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000044867","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhengxin Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131434179","display_name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04523zj19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008139007","display_name":"Qin Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-5769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-5769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131434179","display_name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04523zj19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102292920","display_name":"Yining He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8403-4755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8403-4755"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131434179","display_name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04523zj19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yining He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688771","display_name":"Xiaofan Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4038-6417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4038-6417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131434179","display_name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04523zj19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weiming He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2775-0666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2775-0666"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131434179","display_name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04523zj19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiming He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China","Weiming He, Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China (e-mail"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2775-0666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weiming He, Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China (e-mail","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103074293","display_name":"Han Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9609-1351","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9609-1351"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135742","display_name":"Shanghai First People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04a46mh28","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yongjia, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yongjia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210135742"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726189","display_name":"Jiaqian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-3040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-3040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131434179","display_name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04523zj19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162009","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05sm6p196","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162009"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131434179","https://openalex.org/I4210162009"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131434179"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":1.8599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86278632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"40","first_page":"e44867","last_page":"e44867"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11355","display_name":"Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis","score":0.021199999377131462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-to-albumin-ratio","display_name":"neutrophil-to-albumin ratio","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-nephropathy","display_name":"diabetic nephropathy","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-inflammation","display_name":"systemic inflammation","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-markers","display_name":"inflammatory markers","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-stratification","display_name":"risk stratification","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nhanes","display_name":"NHANES","score":0.8999999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.974399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779874844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967281","display_name":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","level":3,"score":0.7980999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.6152999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.573199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009504","descriptor_name":"Neutrophils","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009504","descriptor_name":"Neutrophils","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009504","descriptor_name":"Neutrophils","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009504","descriptor_name":"Neutrophils","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009504","descriptor_name":"Neutrophils","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009749","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012709","descriptor_name":"Serum Albumin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012709","descriptor_name":"Serum Albumin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012709","descriptor_name":"Serum Albumin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012709","descriptor_name":"Serum Albumin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012709","descriptor_name":"Serum Albumin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000044867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000044867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000044867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41054105","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41054105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11307970","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12499801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12499801","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12499801/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Medicine (Baltimore)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000044867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000044867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000044867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975363795","https://openalex.org/W2155965977","https://openalex.org/W2615714795","https://openalex.org/W3109940296","https://openalex.org/W3118518356","https://openalex.org/W3200479416","https://openalex.org/W3201372974","https://openalex.org/W4365513308","https://openalex.org/W4380536633","https://openalex.org/W4384662692","https://openalex.org/W4387746123","https://openalex.org/W4399823515","https://openalex.org/W4400911673","https://openalex.org/W4401328611","https://openalex.org/W4401974813","https://openalex.org/W4402900978","https://openalex.org/W4404732462","https://openalex.org/W4405198238","https://openalex.org/W4405617526","https://openalex.org/W4405738570","https://openalex.org/W4405918514","https://openalex.org/W4406080727","https://openalex.org/W4406274589","https://openalex.org/W4406615757","https://openalex.org/W4406774290","https://openalex.org/W4406827422","https://openalex.org/W4406846244","https://openalex.org/W4407213532","https://openalex.org/W4407217509","https://openalex.org/W4407312367","https://openalex.org/W4407615746","https://openalex.org/W4408041598","https://openalex.org/W4408147802","https://openalex.org/W4408208983","https://openalex.org/W4408209085","https://openalex.org/W4408282595","https://openalex.org/W4408745595"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,160],"neutrophil-to-albumin":[1],"ratio":[2,106],"(NPAR)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"identified":[6],"as":[7,201],"an":[8,176,202],"emerging":[9],"biomarker":[10],"for":[11,120,165,205],"systemic":[12],"inflammation.":[13],"However,":[14,181],"its":[15],"association":[16,90,130],"with":[17,63,101,175],"diabetic":[18],"kidney":[19],"disease":[20],"(DKD)":[21],"remains":[22],"unclear.":[23],"This":[24],"study":[25],"aims":[26],"to":[27,46,87,183],"evaluate":[28],"the":[29,38,89,129,163,184,188,197],"relationship":[30,148],"between":[31,91,149],"NPAR":[32,92,96,150,166,172,200],"and":[33,41,61,80,93,122,136,151],"DKD":[34,67,75,103,152,168,206],"using":[35],"data":[36,65],"from":[37],"National":[39],"Health":[40],"Nutrition":[42],"Examination":[43],"Survey":[44],"2017":[45],"2020.":[47],"A":[48],"total":[49],"of":[50,179,187,199],"8031":[51],"participants":[52],"were":[53,71,85,98],"included":[54],"after":[55],"excluding":[56],"subjects":[57],"under":[58,162],"18":[59],"years":[60],"those":[62],"missing":[64],"on":[66,74],"or":[68],"NPAR.":[69],"Participants":[70],"categorized":[72],"based":[73],"status.":[76],"Weighted":[77],"logistic":[78],"regression":[79],"restricted":[81],"cubic":[82,142],"spline":[83,143],"analyses":[84],"performed":[86],"investigate":[88],"DKD.":[94,180],"Higher":[95],"levels":[97],"significantly":[99],"associated":[100,174],"increased":[102,177],"risk":[104,153,207],"(odds":[105],"=":[107,158],"2.11,":[108],"95%":[109],"confidence":[110],"interval:":[111],"1.60-2.80,":[112],"P":[113],"<":[114,155],".001":[115],"in":[116],"Model":[117],"3,":[118],"adjusted":[119],"demographic":[121],"clinical":[123],"covariates).":[124],"Subgroup":[125],"analysis":[126,144],"indicated":[127],"that":[128],"was":[131,169],"consistent":[132],"across":[133],"age,":[134],"gender,":[135],"body":[137],"mass":[138],"index":[139],"categories.":[140],"Restricted":[141],"suggested":[145],"a":[146],"linear":[147],"(P-overall":[154],".001,":[156],"P-nonlinear":[157],".174).":[159],"area":[161],"curve":[164],"predicting":[167],"0.652.":[170],"Elevated":[171],"is":[173],"prevalence":[178],"due":[182],"cross-sectional":[185],"nature":[186],"study,":[189],"causality":[190],"cannot":[191],"be":[192],"inferred.":[193],"These":[194],"findings":[195],"highlight":[196],"potential":[198],"inflammatory":[203],"marker":[204],"stratification.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
