{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414814736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2025-0382","title":"Optimizing energy consumption in passive optical networks through renewable integration","display_name":"Optimizing energy consumption in passive optical networks through renewable integration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414814736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2025-0382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/joc-2025-0382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2025-0382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2025-0382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764684264","display_name":"Journal of Optical Communications","issn_l":"0173-4911","issn":["0173-4911","2191-6322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Optical Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043038764","display_name":"Sweta Bhardwaj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799707979","display_name":"Swami Vivekanand Subharti University","ror":"https://ror.org/053h7gw81","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799707979"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sweta Bhardwaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environment Engineering , Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , 250005 , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environment Engineering , Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , 250005 , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799707979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aruna Bansal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799707979","display_name":"Swami Vivekanand Subharti University","ror":"https://ror.org/053h7gw81","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799707979"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aruna Bansal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , 250005 , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , 250005 , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799707979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101331653","display_name":"Vikas Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5178-7999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5178-7999","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5105-5445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799707979","display_name":"Swami Vivekanand Subharti University","ror":"https://ror.org/053h7gw81","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799707979"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikas Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , 250005 , India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5178-7999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , 250005 , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799707979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051985143","display_name":"Mukesh Ruhela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4296-5623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4296-5623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799707979","display_name":"Swami Vivekanand Subharti University","ror":"https://ror.org/053h7gw81","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799707979"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukesh Ruhela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environment Engineering , Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , 250005 , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environment Engineering , Subharti Institute of Technology and Engineering, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , 250005 , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799707979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799707979"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2712},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46982053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.021400000900030136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-optical-networks","display_name":"passive optical networks","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy-integration","display_name":"renewable energy integration","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy","display_name":"solar energy","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-energy","display_name":"wind energy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-power-supply","display_name":"hybrid power supply","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-energy-management","display_name":"smart energy management","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-emission-reduction","display_name":"carbon emission reduction","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-networking","display_name":"green networking","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-energy-consumption","display_name":"grid energy consumption","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"quality of service","score":0.9380000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6747000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.538100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204827203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027795","display_name":"Passive optical network","level":4,"score":0.48980000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341477","display_name":"Energy supply","level":3,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121119573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915732","display_name":"Intermittent energy source","level":4,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520301825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380170","display_name":"Energy conservation","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520343842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3353193","display_name":"Energy engineering","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777618391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483757","display_name":"Solar power","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780789856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915732","display_name":"Variable renewable energy","level":4,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982719155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25584060","display_name":"Energy source","level":3,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/joc-2025-0382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2025-0382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2025-0382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764684264","display_name":"Journal of Optical Communications","issn_l":"0173-4911","issn":["0173-4911","2191-6322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Optical Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089983976","https://openalex.org/W2149641812","https://openalex.org/W2154267461","https://openalex.org/W4377989062","https://openalex.org/W4407865379","https://openalex.org/W4408237044","https://openalex.org/W4409036718","https://openalex.org/W4409037342","https://openalex.org/W4409622581","https://openalex.org/W4410611454","https://openalex.org/W4411306325","https://openalex.org/W4412181017","https://openalex.org/W4412366295"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Passive":[1],"optical":[2,156],"networks":[3],"(PONs)":[4],"are":[5],"widely":[6],"recognized":[7],"for":[8,25],"their":[9],"high":[10],"bandwidth,":[11],"scalability,":[12],"and":[13,37,57,68,109,121],"cost-effectiveness":[14],"in":[15,138],"modern":[16],"broadband":[17],"access":[18,157],"systems.":[19],"However,":[20],"the":[21,34,47,101,104,152],"increasing":[22],"global":[23],"demand":[24],"high-speed":[26],"data":[27],"services":[28],"has":[29],"led":[30],"to":[31,64,90,135,163],"concerns":[32],"over":[33],"energy":[35,51,66,81,87,140,161],"consumption":[36,141],"environmental":[38],"impact":[39],"of":[40,49,103,145,154],"large-scale":[41],"PON":[42,62],"deployments.":[43],"This":[44,149],"study":[45],"investigates":[46],"integration":[48],"renewable":[50,80],"sources":[52],"\u2013":[53,60],"such":[54,115],"as":[55,116],"solar":[56],"wind":[58],"power":[59,74,117],"into":[61],"architectures":[63],"optimize":[65],"usage":[67],"reduce":[69],"carbon":[70],"emissions.":[71],"A":[72],"hybrid":[73],"supply":[75,96],"model":[76],"is":[77,83],"proposed,":[78],"wherein":[79],"generation":[82],"complemented":[84],"by":[85],"smart":[86],"management":[88],"techniques":[89],"ensure":[91],"reliable":[92],"operation":[93],"under":[94],"variable":[95],"conditions.":[97],"The":[98],"research":[99],"evaluates":[100],"performance":[102],"proposed":[105],"approach":[106],"through":[107],"simulation":[108],"analytical":[110],"modeling,":[111],"focusing":[112],"on":[113],"parameters":[114],"consumption,":[118],"network":[119],"uptime,":[120],"greenhouse":[122],"gas":[123],"(GHG)":[124],"reduction":[125,137],"potential.":[126],"Results":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"that":[129],"renewable-integrated":[130],"PONs":[131],"can":[132],"achieve":[133],"up":[134],"XX%":[136],"grid":[139],"while":[142],"maintaining":[143],"quality":[144],"service":[146],"(QoS)":[147],"standards.":[148],"work":[150],"highlights":[151],"potential":[153],"combining":[155],"technologies":[158],"with":[159],"sustainable":[160],"solutions":[162],"enable":[164],"greener,":[165],"more":[166],"energy-efficient":[167],"communication":[168],"networks.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}