{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414764985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15101142","title":"Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticle Concentration on Micro-Arc Oxidized Calcium\u2013Phosphate Coatings: Corrosion Resistance and Biological Response","display_name":"Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticle Concentration on Micro-Arc Oxidized Calcium\u2013Phosphate Coatings: Corrosion Resistance and Biological Response","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414764985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15101142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/coatings15101142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15101142","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15101142","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/10/1142/pdf?version=1759382475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205742","display_name":"Coatings","issn_l":"2079-6412","issn":["2079-6412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coatings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/10/1142/pdf?version=1759382475","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092465200","display_name":"Ainur Zhassulan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5887-0135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5887-0135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117727","display_name":"D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xbhbx68","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159258","display_name":"Shakarim University","ror":"https://ror.org/052q3p191","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ainur Zhassulan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Center, Shakarim University NJSC, Glinka Street, 20A, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan","Research Center \u201cProtective and Functional Coatings\u201d, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","Research Center \"Protective and Functional Coatings\", D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5887-0135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Center, Shakarim University NJSC, Glinka Street, 20A, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center \u201cProtective and Functional Coatings\u201d, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center \"Protective and Functional Coatings\", D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012940163","display_name":"Bauyrzhan K. Rakhadilov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5990-7123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5990-7123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117727","display_name":"D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xbhbx68","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154639","display_name":"PLASMASCIENCE","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay44a88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154639"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov","raw_affiliation_strings":["PlasmaScience LLP, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","Research Center \u201cProtective and Functional Coatings\u201d, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","Research Center \"Protective and Functional Coatings\", D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PlasmaScience LLP, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center \u201cProtective and Functional Coatings\u201d, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center \"Protective and Functional Coatings\", D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040731216","display_name":"Daryn Baizhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9105-3129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9105-3129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117727","display_name":"D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xbhbx68","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159258","display_name":"Shakarim University","ror":"https://ror.org/052q3p191","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daryn Baizhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Center, Shakarim University NJSC, Glinka Street, 20A, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan","Research Center \u201cProtective and Functional Coatings\u201d, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","Research Center \"Protective and Functional Coatings\", D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9105-3129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Center, Shakarim University NJSC, Glinka Street, 20A, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center \u201cProtective and Functional Coatings\u201d, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center \"Protective and Functional Coatings\", D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023970864","display_name":"Aidar Kengesbekov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-9467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-9467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096915","display_name":"Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00vj0q898","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117727","display_name":"D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xbhbx68","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154639","display_name":"PLASMASCIENCE","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay44a88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154639"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aidar Kengesbekov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Composite Materials, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","PlasmaScience LLP, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","Research Center \u201cProtective and Functional Coatings\u201d, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","Research Center \"Protective and Functional Coatings\", D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Composite Materials, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PlasmaScience LLP, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center \u201cProtective and Functional Coatings\u201d, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center \"Protective and Functional Coatings\", D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075578304","display_name":"Dauir Kakimzhanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-0456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-0456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117727","display_name":"D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xbhbx68","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154639","display_name":"PLASMASCIENCE","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay44a88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154639"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dauir Kakimzhanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["PlasmaScience LLP, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","Research Center \u201cProtective and Functional Coatings\u201d, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","Research Center \"Protective and Functional Coatings\", D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-0456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PlasmaScience LLP, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center \u201cProtective and Functional Coatings\u201d, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center \"Protective and Functional Coatings\", D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117141265","display_name":"Nazira Musataeva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159258","display_name":"Shakarim University","ror":"https://ror.org/052q3p191","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazira Musataeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Center, Shakarim University NJSC, Glinka Street, 20A, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Center, Shakarim University NJSC, Glinka Street, 20A, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159258"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023970864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096915","https://openalex.org/I4210117727","https://openalex.org/I4387154639"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.8932,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7026289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"1142","last_page":"1142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10059","display_name":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","score":0.04230000078678131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11442","display_name":"Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-arc-oxidation","display_name":"plasma electrolytic oxidation","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-phosphate-coatings","display_name":"calcium phosphate coatings","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercially-pure-titanium","display_name":"commercially pure titanium","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-implants","display_name":"biomedical implants","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion-resistance","display_name":"corrosion resistance","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biocompatibility","display_name":"biocompatibility","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating-porosity","display_name":"coating porosity","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-coefficient","display_name":"friction coefficient","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating-degradation","display_name":"coating degradation","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolyte-composition","display_name":"electrolyte composition","score":0.5230000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.8916000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777230088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864426","display_name":"Biocompatibility","level":2,"score":0.8148000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7245000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.6568999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.5504000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.5235999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506065880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716","display_name":"Titanium","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172404476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902130","display_name":"Tafel equation","level":4,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779429693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274959","display_name":"Distilled water","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8953137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3300719","display_name":"Titanium alloy","level":3,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738686","display_name":"MTT assay","level":3,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778414984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663","display_name":"Biomaterial","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186399102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903517","display_name":"Chemical stability","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/coatings15101142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15101142","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15101142","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/10/1142/pdf?version=1759382475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205742","display_name":"Coatings","issn_l":"2079-6412","issn":["2079-6412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coatings","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/coatings15101142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15101142","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15101142","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/10/1142/pdf?version=1759382475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205742","display_name":"Coatings","issn_l":"2079-6412","issn":["2079-6412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coatings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7246000170707703,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4162953165","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/05tyne317"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414764985.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414764985.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004862260","https://openalex.org/W2012319331","https://openalex.org/W2019008758","https://openalex.org/W2145746635","https://openalex.org/W2258702711","https://openalex.org/W2322587830","https://openalex.org/W2593602861","https://openalex.org/W2770081907","https://openalex.org/W2803892920","https://openalex.org/W2808848745","https://openalex.org/W2887466475","https://openalex.org/W2921595616","https://openalex.org/W2968790362","https://openalex.org/W2977603724","https://openalex.org/W2998084724","https://openalex.org/W3081530873","https://openalex.org/W3104557263","https://openalex.org/W3128288630","https://openalex.org/W3144309086","https://openalex.org/W3200963099","https://openalex.org/W4205608220","https://openalex.org/W4224138398","https://openalex.org/W4293018672","https://openalex.org/W4293217601","https://openalex.org/W4301595003","https://openalex.org/W4303946529","https://openalex.org/W4308922653","https://openalex.org/W4311039781","https://openalex.org/W4321785686","https://openalex.org/W4353015951","https://openalex.org/W4382788481","https://openalex.org/W4387232630","https://openalex.org/W4387978797","https://openalex.org/W4388205050","https://openalex.org/W4388409840","https://openalex.org/W4388462166","https://openalex.org/W4388497814","https://openalex.org/W4389558548","https://openalex.org/W4391575591","https://openalex.org/W4391823854","https://openalex.org/W4392056924","https://openalex.org/W4392943302","https://openalex.org/W4398208286","https://openalex.org/W4399728353","https://openalex.org/W4403976563","https://openalex.org/W4405837016","https://openalex.org/W4411893021"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Titanium":[0],"and":[1,16,26,39,71,93,101,112,124,138,159,177,189,215],"its":[2],"alloys":[3],"are":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,62,122,131,181],"biomedical":[8],"implants":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,35,55,145,165],"their":[12,20,50],"favorable":[13],"mechanical":[14,213],"properties":[15],"corrosion":[17,157,211],"resistance;":[18],"however,":[19],"natural":[21],"surface":[22],"lacks":[23],"sufficient":[24],"bioactivity":[25],"antibacterial":[27],"performance.":[28],"Micro-arc":[29],"oxidation":[30,65,84],"is":[31,203],"a":[32,208],"promising":[33],"approach":[34],"producing":[36],"bioactive":[37],"coatings,":[38],"the":[40,57,63,142,161,182,204,218],"incorporation":[41],"of":[42,220],"nanoparticles":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45],"TiO2":[46,59,87,143,202],"may":[47],"further":[48],"improve":[49],"functionality.":[51],"This":[52],"study":[53],"aimed":[54],"determine":[56],"optimal":[58,205],"nanoparticle":[60],"concentration":[61],"micro-arc":[64,83],"electrolyte":[66],"that":[67,200],"ensures":[68],"coating":[69,148],"stability":[70],"biological":[72,183],"safety.":[73],"Calcium\u2013phosphate":[74],"coatings":[75],"were":[76,104],"fabricated":[77],"on":[78],"commercially":[79],"pure":[80],"titanium":[81],"using":[82,133],"with":[85],"two":[86],"concentrations:":[88],"0.5":[89],"wt.%":[90,95],"(MAO":[91,96],"1)":[92],"1":[94,186],"2).":[97],"Surface":[98],"morphology,":[99],"porosity,":[100],"phase":[102],"composition":[103],"analyzed":[105],"by":[106],"scanning":[107],"electron":[108],"microscopy,":[109],"energy-dispersive":[110],"spectroscopy,":[111],"X-ray":[113],"diffraction.":[114],"Corrosion":[115],"resistance":[116],"was":[117,129],"evaluated":[118],"via":[119],"potentiodynamic":[120],"polarization":[121],"NaCl":[123],"Ringer\u2019s":[125],"solutions,":[126],"while":[127],"biocompatibility":[128],"assessed":[130],"vitro":[132],"HOS":[134],"human":[135],"osteosarcoma":[136],"cells":[137],"MTT":[139],"assays.":[140],"Increasing":[141],"content":[144],"1%":[146],"decreased":[147],"porosity":[149],"(13.7%":[150],"vs.":[151],"26.3%":[152],"for":[153],"MAO":[154,169,185],"1),":[155],"enhanced":[156],"protection,":[158],"reduced":[160],"friction":[162],"coefficient":[163],"compared":[164],"bare":[166],"titanium.":[167],"However,":[168],"2":[170],"exhibited":[171],"high":[172],"cytotoxicity":[173],"(81%":[174],"cell":[175,195],"death)":[176],"partial":[178],"structural":[179],"degradation":[180],"medium.":[184],"maintained":[187],"integrity":[188],"showed":[190],"no":[191],"toxic":[192],"effects":[193],"(3%":[194],"death).":[196],"These":[197],"results":[198],"suggest":[199],"0.5%":[201],"concentration,":[206],"providing":[207],"balance":[209],"between":[210],"resistance,":[212],"stability,":[214],"biocompatibility,":[216],"supporting":[217],"development":[219],"safer":[221],"implant":[222],"coatings.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}