{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414748614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198831","title":"Comparative Economic Analysis of Rainbow Trout Aquaculture Systems Considering Greenhouse Gas Emissions","display_name":"Comparative Economic Analysis of Rainbow Trout Aquaculture Systems Considering Greenhouse Gas Emissions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414748614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su17198831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/19/8831/pdf?version=1759397187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/19/8831/pdf?version=1759397187","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062831655","display_name":"Yunje Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-1766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-1766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320745970","display_name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations","ror":"https://ror.org/00pe0tf51","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I1320745970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["IT","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunje Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine & Fisheries Business and Economics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea","Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine & Fisheries Business and Economics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1320745970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091445911","display_name":"Kyounghoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4226-9011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4226-9011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyounghoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Marine Production System Management, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Marine Production System Management, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686011","display_name":"Do-Hoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-3508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-3508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Do-Hoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine & Fisheries Business and Economics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-3508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine & Fisheries Business and Economics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100686011"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":3.6549,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93565278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"19","first_page":"8831","last_page":"8831"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14405","display_name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Studies","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14405","display_name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Studies","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.01720000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainbow-trout-aquaculture","display_name":"rainbow trout aquaculture","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recirculating-aquaculture-system","display_name":"recirculating aquaculture system","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-through-system","display_name":"flow-through system","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-feasibility","display_name":"economic feasibility","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-pricing","display_name":"carbon pricing","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-tax","display_name":"carbon tax","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-present-value","display_name":"net present value","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-rate-of-return","display_name":"internal rate of return","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-consumption","display_name":"electricity consumption","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-feed","display_name":"fish feed","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquaculture-profitability","display_name":"aquaculture profitability","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions-reduction","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions reduction","score":0.6620000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86909935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188989","display_name":"Aquaculture","level":3,"score":0.6811000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6449000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994167347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187986","display_name":"Rainbow trout","level":3,"score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288401","display_name":"Carbon tax","level":3,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985697011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economic analysis","level":2,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37965861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839399","display_name":"Carbon credit","level":3,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181230689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192472","display_name":"Net present value","level":3,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18785705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931373","display_name":"Scenario analysis","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32198211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165044","display_name":"Greenhouse","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258881","display_name":"Trout","level":3,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100405246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8348417","display_name":"Emissions trading","level":3,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776928589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21777314","display_name":"Recirculating aquaculture system","level":4,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su17198831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/19/8831/pdf?version=1759397187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su17198831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198831","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/19/8831/pdf?version=1759397187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2112473079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2025-02219912","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322011","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4456717253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2025-02307389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322011","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322011","display_name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5s4a53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327222","display_name":"Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/04cqyfy93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414748614.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414748614.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973217946","https://openalex.org/W1984119047","https://openalex.org/W2014165254","https://openalex.org/W2035215948","https://openalex.org/W2041548786","https://openalex.org/W2072255792","https://openalex.org/W2101537348","https://openalex.org/W2268272569","https://openalex.org/W2328289623","https://openalex.org/W2609784668","https://openalex.org/W2791796600","https://openalex.org/W2934063603","https://openalex.org/W3118556967","https://openalex.org/W3134782663","https://openalex.org/W4405820334"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"warming,":[1],"driven":[2],"by":[3,29,146],"greenhouse":[4],"gas":[5],"(GHG)":[6],"emissions,":[7],"is":[8],"accelerating":[9],"globally":[10],"and":[11,53,60,93,115,163],"highlights":[12],"the":[13,22,42,98,143,150,158],"need":[14],"for":[15,166],"effective":[16],"mitigation":[17,39],"strategies.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20],"assesses":[21],"economic":[23,63,103,138],"feasibility":[24,139],"of":[25,82,112,119,122,160],"rainbow":[26],"trout":[27,83],"aquaculture":[28,50,168],"incorporating":[30],"GHG":[31,58,73],"emissions":[32,59,89],"into":[33],"its":[34],"analysis,":[35],"thereby":[36],"contributing":[37],"to":[38],"efforts":[40],"in":[41,128],"fisheries":[43],"sector.":[44],"Focusing":[45],"on":[46],"two":[47],"farming":[48],"systems\u2014recirculating":[49],"systems":[51,55],"(RAS)":[52],"flow-through":[54],"(FTS)\u2014we":[56],"estimated":[57],"conducted":[61],"an":[62,106,116],"evaluation":[64],"using":[65],"data":[66],"collected":[67],"through":[68],"field":[69],"surveys.":[70],"The":[71,102],"average":[72,107],"emission":[74,100,164],"was":[75,140],"7.14":[76],"kg":[77],"CO2":[78],"eq":[79],"per":[80],"kilogram":[81],"produced,":[84],"with":[85,124],"RAS":[86,125],"showing":[87],"lower":[88],"than":[90],"FTS.":[91],"Electricity":[92],"feed":[94],"were":[95],"identified":[96],"as":[97],"primary":[99],"sources.":[101],"analysis":[104,132],"revealed":[105],"net":[108],"present":[109],"value":[110],"(NPV)":[111],"USD":[113],"987,609":[114],"internal":[117],"rate":[118],"return":[120],"(IRR)":[121],"18%,":[123],"outperforming":[126],"FTS":[127],"profitability.":[129],"A":[130],"sensitivity":[131],"under":[133,149],"carbon":[134,151],"pricing":[135],"showed":[136],"that":[137],"maintained,":[141],"but":[142],"NPV":[144],"declined":[145],"about":[147],"24%":[148],"tax":[152],"scenario.":[153],"Overall,":[154],"these":[155],"findings":[156],"underscore":[157],"importance":[159],"balancing":[161],"profitability":[162],"reduction":[165],"sustainable":[167],"management.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-09T09:14:12.587421","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
