{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414739165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02545-z","title":"mRNA-based tuberculosis vaccines BNT164a1 and BNT164b1 are immunogenic, well tolerated and efficacious in rodent models","display_name":"mRNA-based tuberculosis vaccines BNT164a1 and BNT164b1 are immunogenic, well tolerated and efficacious in rodent models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414739165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02545-z","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42286358","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13414557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41590-026-02545-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02545-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02545-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-026-02545-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41063453","display_name":"Nature Immunology","issn_l":"1529-2908","issn":["1529-2908","1529-2916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-026-02545-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039958227","display_name":"Neha Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-6559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-6559"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134778","display_name":"BioNTech (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd2g40","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neha Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-6559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016577934","display_name":"Louis S. Ates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2953-8010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2953-8010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134778","display_name":"BioNTech (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd2g40","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Louis S. Ates","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany. louis.ates@biontech.de"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2953-8010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany. louis.ates@biontech.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010913970","display_name":"Stefan A. Schille","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5395-8368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5395-8368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134778","display_name":"BioNTech (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd2g40","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan A. Schille","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5395-8368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046125194","display_name":"Anuhar Chaturvedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-3010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-3010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134778","display_name":"BioNTech (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd2g40","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anuhar Chaturvedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-3010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Janina Vogt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134778","display_name":"BioNTech (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd2g40","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janina Vogt","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069403238","display_name":"Nata\u0161a Vukovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9083-2104","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9083-2104"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134778","display_name":"BioNTech (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd2g40","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natasa Vukovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9083-2104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Charles L. Dulberger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155505","display_name":"BioNTech (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/052htmq47","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778","https://openalex.org/I4210155505"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles L. Dulberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioNTech US, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioNTech US, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064338011","display_name":"Annette B. Vogel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-5379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-5379"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134778","display_name":"BioNTech (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd2g40","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annette B. Vogel","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086146487","display_name":"Jan Diekmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134778","display_name":"BioNTech (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd2g40","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Diekmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077961362","display_name":"Mustafa Diken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4391-4042","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4391-4042"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134778","display_name":"BioNTech (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd2g40","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149035","display_name":"Translationale Onkologie an der Universit\u00e4tsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/04sz26p89","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149035"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Diken","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany. mustafa.diken@biontech.de","Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (TRON), Mainz, Germany. mustafa.diken@biontech.de"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4391-4042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany. mustafa.diken@biontech.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (TRON), Mainz, Germany. mustafa.diken@biontech.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I4210149035"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075617216","display_name":"U\u011fur \u015eahin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-1564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-1564"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134778","display_name":"BioNTech (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd2g40","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482748","display_name":"Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/054qg2939","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I17937529","https://openalex.org/I4388482748"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U\u011fur \u015eahin","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany","Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-1564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482748"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016577934","https://openalex.org/A5077961362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I4210134778","https://openalex.org/I4210149035"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"fwci":48.1493,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99885912,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"8","first_page":"1653","last_page":"1665"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-vaccine","display_name":"tuberculosis vaccine","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mrna-vaccines","display_name":"mRNA vaccines","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-nanoparticles","display_name":"lipid nanoparticles","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-tuberculosis-antigens","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ag85a","display_name":"Ag85A","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esat-6","display_name":"ESAT-6","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hrp1","display_name":"Hrp1","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleoside-modified-mrna","display_name":"nucleoside-modified mRNA","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prime-boost-vaccination","display_name":"prime-boost vaccination","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-challenge","display_name":"aerosol challenge","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanized-mouse-model","display_name":"humanized mice","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd8-t-cells","display_name":"CD8+ T cells","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granuloma","display_name":"granuloma","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-safety","display_name":"vaccine safety","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-immunogenicity","display_name":"vaccine immunogenicity","score":0.6940000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.7045000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6811000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779078216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7850848","display_name":"Tuberculosis vaccines","level":4,"score":0.5698000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.46129998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167672396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800","display_name":"CD8","level":3,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018913218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody response","level":3,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778288313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798309","display_name":"BCG vaccine","level":3,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780868878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660197","display_name":"Immunogenicity","level":3,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778914748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10850","display_name":"Rodent","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780140890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129338","display_name":"Granuloma","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776156784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491954","display_name":"Humanized mouse","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.262800008058548}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000942","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000942","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008807","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009169","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018414","descriptor_name":"CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032581","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032581","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032581","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41590-026-02545-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02545-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02545-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-026-02545-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41063453","display_name":"Nature Immunology","issn_l":"1529-2908","issn":["1529-2908","1529-2916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.30.679428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.30.679428","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2025/10/01/2025.09.30.679428.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:42286358","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42286358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13414557","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13414557/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nat Immunol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41590-026-02545-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02545-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02545-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-026-02545-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41063453","display_name":"Nature Immunology","issn_l":"1529-2908","issn":["1529-2908","1529-2916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G360764017","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NR-14822","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7180211660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NR-14822","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414739165.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414739165.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66562457","https://openalex.org/W1510079413","https://openalex.org/W1582232949","https://openalex.org/W1618386398","https://openalex.org/W1939433055","https://openalex.org/W2006091616","https://openalex.org/W2025980739","https://openalex.org/W2029643641","https://openalex.org/W2069064769","https://openalex.org/W2085117989","https://openalex.org/W2092638079","https://openalex.org/W2098984708","https://openalex.org/W2106682613","https://openalex.org/W2107876252","https://openalex.org/W2114476364","https://openalex.org/W2125604179","https://openalex.org/W2139439096","https://openalex.org/W2140827773","https://openalex.org/W2142803839","https://openalex.org/W2156309431","https://openalex.org/W2157605618","https://openalex.org/W2333570591","https://openalex.org/W2521361619","https://openalex.org/W2537418457","https://openalex.org/W2734420485","https://openalex.org/W2737860676","https://openalex.org/W2782664675","https://openalex.org/W2783990226","https://openalex.org/W2788327314","https://openalex.org/W2791997229","https://openalex.org/W2802668680","https://openalex.org/W2804485547","https://openalex.org/W2804885321","https://openalex.org/W2807674336","https://openalex.org/W2894391687","https://openalex.org/W2905294968","https://openalex.org/W2972255989","https://openalex.org/W2982353502","https://openalex.org/W2987887490","https://openalex.org/W2989005130","https://openalex.org/W2995769532","https://openalex.org/W3091863974","https://openalex.org/W3111255098","https://openalex.org/W3113734454","https://openalex.org/W3126657865","https://openalex.org/W3131220223","https://openalex.org/W3195586393","https://openalex.org/W4210627381","https://openalex.org/W4220967221","https://openalex.org/W4220978613","https://openalex.org/W4306157635","https://openalex.org/W4312019519","https://openalex.org/W4313373083","https://openalex.org/W4313414993","https://openalex.org/W4318979655","https://openalex.org/W4320491542","https://openalex.org/W4362522884","https://openalex.org/W4376133743","https://openalex.org/W4387661216","https://openalex.org/W4400421906","https://openalex.org/W4406104381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407554712","https://openalex.org/W7170160035","https://openalex.org/W7122356604","https://openalex.org/W7058464618","https://openalex.org/W4401162539","https://openalex.org/W7160302648","https://openalex.org/W7159984776","https://openalex.org/W7027766731","https://openalex.org/W4285090812","https://openalex.org/W4407597520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"We":[1],"designed":[2],"and":[3,16,40,71,86,118,124,129],"preclinically":[4],"tested":[5],"two":[6,92],"mRNA-LNP-based":[7],"vaccine":[8],"candidates":[9,56,76],"to":[10,136],"protect":[11],"against":[12,62],"tuberculosis":[13,23],"(TB).":[14],"BNT164a1":[15,42,117],"BNT164b1":[17,47,119],"encode":[18],"the":[19,131],"same":[20],"eight":[21],"Mycobacterium":[22],"(":[24,142],"Mtb":[25,93],")":[26],"antigens":[27,64],"expressed":[28],"across":[29],"different":[30],"infection":[31],"stages:":[32],"Ag85A,":[33],"Hrp1,":[34],"ESAT-6,":[35],"RpfD,":[36],"RpfA,":[37],"HbhA,":[38],"M72,":[39],"VapB47.":[41],"utilizes":[43,48],"nucleoside-unmodified":[44],"mRNA,":[45],"while":[46],"N1-methyl":[49],"pseudouridine-modified":[50],"mRNA.":[51],"Prime-boost":[52],"immunization":[53],"with":[54,103,111],"BNT164":[55,100],"elicited":[57],"antibody":[58],"and/or":[59],"T-cell":[60],"responses":[61],"all":[63],"in":[65,81,95,126],"three":[66],"mouse":[67],"strains":[68,94],"(C57BL/6,":[69],"BALB/c,":[70],"HLA-A2.1/DR1":[72],"humanized":[73],"mice).":[74],"The":[75],"demonstrated":[77],"favorable":[78],"safety":[79],"profiles":[80],"a":[82],"rat":[83],"toxicity":[84],"study":[85],"significantly":[87],"reduced":[88],"bacterial":[89],"burdens":[90],"of":[91],"murine":[96],"aerosol":[97],"challenge":[98],"models.":[99],"protection":[101],"correlated":[102],"granuloma":[104],"infiltration":[105],"by":[106],"CD8":[107],"+":[108],"T":[109],"cells":[110],"memory":[112],"precursor":[113],"phenotypes.":[114],"In":[115],"conclusion,":[116],"were":[120],"immunogenic,":[121],"well":[122],"tolerated":[123],"efficacious":[125],"preclinical":[127],"models":[128],"are":[130],"first":[132],"mRNA-based":[133],"TB":[134],"vaccines":[135],"enter":[137],"phase":[138],"I/II":[139],"clinical":[140],"trials":[141],"NCT05537038":[143],",":[144],"NCT05547464":[145],").":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}