{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414723915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20406","title":"On the Compatibility of GNSS User Segment with Emerging LEO-PNT Systems and Signals","display_name":"On the Compatibility of GNSS User Segment with Emerging LEO-PNT Systems and Signals","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414723915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33012/2025.20406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651297","display_name":"Proceedings of the Satellite Division's International Technical Meeting (Online)/Proceedings of the Satellite Division's International Technical Meeting (CD-ROM)","issn_l":"2331-5911","issn":["2331-5911","2331-5954"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ION GNSS+, The International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003252635","display_name":"Matteo Paonni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-3922","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-3922"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Paonni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005781529","display_name":"Ottavio M. Picchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6858-8934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6858-8934"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. M. Picchi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103029030","display_name":"Andrea Piccolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4937-2840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4937-2840"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Piccolo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036019802","display_name":"Luca Cucchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Cucchi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004504348","display_name":"Francesco Menzione","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4182-9081","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4182-9081"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Menzione","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S. Wallner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Wallner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021089743","display_name":"Marco Anghileri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Anghileri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089554082","display_name":"C\u00e9sar V\u00e1zquez Aloc\u00e9n","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Vazquez Aloc\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037143276","display_name":"Pietro Giordano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-8561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-8561"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Giordano","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"O. Julien","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Julien","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9538118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"915","last_page":"928"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-compatibility","display_name":"radio frequency compatibility","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-interference","display_name":"GNSS interference","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-separation","display_name":"spectral separation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-interference","display_name":"self-interference","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-constellations","display_name":"satellite constellations","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentinel-satellites","display_name":"Sentinel satellites","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicolaus-copernicus","display_name":"Copernicus","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-coexistence","display_name":"spectrum coexistence","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-isolation","display_name":"signal isolation","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-receivers","display_name":"GNSS receivers","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778648169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967768","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6018000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166212672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165162","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","level":4,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20574231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844605","display_name":"Backward compatibility","level":2,"score":0.4075999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125470083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747288","display_name":"Electromagnetic compatibility","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33012/2025.20406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33012/2025.20406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651297","display_name":"Proceedings of the Satellite Division's International Technical Meeting (Online)/Proceedings of the Satellite Division's International Technical Meeting (CD-ROM)","issn_l":"2331-5911","issn":["2331-5911","2331-5954"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ION GNSS+, The International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400912093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213483615","https://openalex.org/W4414724247","https://openalex.org/W7213415561","https://openalex.org/W4416850202","https://openalex.org/W3196559554","https://openalex.org/W7206172510","https://openalex.org/W4391805694","https://openalex.org/W7131313055","https://openalex.org/W4406612368","https://openalex.org/W2091837738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,101,215,323,443],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,16,38,64,72,100,106,112,118,123,128,142,147,218,230,242,245,253,305,314,322,325,343,369,386,399,439,456,472,479],"topic":[4],"of":[5,40,66,108,144,221,244,247,252,257,304,329,371,393,419],"Radio":[6],"Frequency":[7],"compatibility":[8,49,133],"among":[9],"LEO-PNT":[10,45,55,222,340,372,394],"and":[11,21,27,94,126,168,171,180,192,229,251,302,307,332,352,385,449],"classic":[12,52],"GNSS,":[13],"focusing":[14],"on":[15,105,153,438],"impact":[17,243],"at":[18,317,414],"user":[19,318,351],"level,":[20],"ways":[22],"to":[23,34,80,134,185,197,209,235,270,291,367,376,458,466,471,478],"ensure":[24,48,135,271,467],"that":[25,62,188],"existing":[26,51,461],"future":[28],"GNSS":[29,53,67,124,129,154,383],"receivers":[30],"will":[31],"be":[32,210,336,437],"able":[33],"operate":[35],"reliably":[36],"in":[37,82,240,464],"presence":[39],"multiple":[41],"signals":[42,56,158,250],"transmitted":[43],"by":[44,71,91,165,175,339,348,426],"systems.":[46,97],"To":[47],"with":[50,381,446,460],"systems,":[54,170,223,294],"shall":[57],"not":[58,281],"cause":[59],"harmful":[60],"interference":[61,237,359,428],"degrades":[63],"performance":[65],"receivers,":[68,378],"typically":[69],"measured":[70],"effective":[73],"C/N0":[74,316],"level.":[75,319],"Specific":[76],"attention":[77,234],"is":[78,87,139,162,183,260,266,289,365,405,424,429,444,453],"paid":[79],"RFC":[81,145,199],"L-band":[83],"RNSS":[84],"allocations,":[85],"which":[86,161,389],"already":[88],"densely":[89],"populated":[90],"many":[92],"regional":[93,169],"global":[95,167],"PNT":[96],"At":[98,320],"first,":[99],"provides":[102],"a":[103,267,276,349,357,390,421,468],"discussion":[104],"concept":[107,113],"compatibility,":[109,228,272,300],"reviewing":[110],"how":[111,127,141,181,263,275,296,309,333,420,433,451],"has":[114,151],"been":[115],"dealt":[116],"over":[117,146],"last":[119,148],"20":[120,149],"years":[121,150],"within":[122],"community,":[125],"providers":[130,457],"have":[131],"prioritized":[132],"their":[136,157,224],"coexistence.":[137],"It":[138,259],"discussed":[140,262],"assessment":[143],"focused":[152],"systems":[155,204],"transmitting":[156,205],"from":[159,172,206,356],"MEO,":[160],"commonly":[163],"adopted":[164],"all":[166],"GEO,":[173],"used":[174,196],"Satellite-based":[176],"Augmentation":[177],"Systems":[178],"(SBAS),":[179],"it":[182,452],"essential":[184,454],"make":[186],"sure":[187],"methodologies,":[189],"standard":[190],"assumptions":[191],"typical":[193],"use":[194,327],"cases":[195],"assess":[198],"are":[200,208],"adequate":[201],"once":[202],"new":[203],"LEO":[207,360],"considered":[211],"as":[212],"well.":[213],"The":[214,403,442],"then":[216],"examines":[217],"technical":[219],"characteristics":[220,256],"implications":[225],"for":[226,388,407,455],"spectrum":[227,475],"critical":[231],"scenarios":[232],"requiring":[233],"mitigate":[236],"risks,":[238],"assessing":[239,398],"particular":[241],"transmission":[246],"high":[248,292],"power":[249,293,345],"specific":[254,326,447],"orbital":[255],"LEO-PNT.":[258],"also":[261,308,430],"spectral":[264,278],"separation":[265,279],"key":[268],"tool":[269],"explaining":[273],"however":[274],"good":[277],"does":[280],"guarantee":[282],"perfect":[283],"signal":[284],"isolation.":[285],"A":[286],"long":[287],"section":[288],"dedicated":[290],"discussing":[295],"this":[297],"can":[298,311,436],"affect":[299,313],"efficiency":[301],"sustainability":[303],"spectrum,":[306],"self-interference":[310],"heavily":[312,337],"ultimate":[315],"last,":[321],"discusses":[324],"case":[328],"space":[330,354,377],"users,":[331],"those":[334],"could":[335],"affected":[338,425],"emissions.":[341],"First,":[342],"overall":[344],"variation":[346],"received":[347],"ground":[350],"different":[353,415],"users":[355],"hypothetical":[358],"constellation.":[361],"Then,":[362],"an":[363],"analysis":[364,404],"presented":[366],"evaluate":[368],"number":[370,392],"satellites":[373,395],"simultaneously":[374],"visible":[375],"potentially":[379],"interfering":[380],"legacy":[382],"signals,":[384],"duration":[387],"significant":[391],"remain":[396],"visible,":[397],"associated":[400],"temporal":[401],"impact.":[402],"performed":[406],"some":[408],"EU":[409],"Copernicus":[410],"Sentinel":[411,422],"satellites,":[412],"orbiting":[413],"altitude.":[416],"An":[417],"example":[418],"satellite":[423,440,480],"RF":[427],"provided,":[431],"demonstrating":[432],"impactful":[434],"RFI":[435],"operations.":[441],"concluded":[445],"recommendations":[448],"recalling":[450],"comply":[459],"regulatory":[462],"elements":[463],"order":[465],"sustainable":[469],"access":[470],"very":[473],"limited":[474],"resources":[476],"available":[477],"navigation":[481],"community.":[482]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
