{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414717631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61183/polikrasi.v5i1.104","title":"Fidel Castro\u2019s Leadership on Political Freedom in Cuba","display_name":"Fidel Castro\u2019s Leadership on Political Freedom in Cuba","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414717631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61183/polikrasi.v5i1.104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.61183/polikrasi.v5i1.104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61183/polikrasi.v5i1.104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61183/polikrasi.v5i1.104","pdf_url":"https://idereach.com/Journal/index.php/polikrasi/article/download/104/92","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296677","display_name":"Journal of Politics and Democracy","issn_l":"3026-6718","issn":["3026-6718"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Politics and Democracy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://idereach.com/Journal/index.php/polikrasi/article/download/104/92","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117524674","display_name":"Najla Dara Ayunda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158908","display_name":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta","ror":"https://ror.org/05b4za178","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158908"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najla Dara Ayunda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \u201cVeteran\u201d Jakarta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \u201cVeteran\u201d Jakarta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118197706","display_name":"Anggrelita Mutiara Salsabila Dewi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158908","display_name":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta","ror":"https://ror.org/05b4za178","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158908"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anggrelita Mutiara Salsabila Dewi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \u201cVeteran\u201d Jakarta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \u201cVeteran\u201d Jakarta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115090090","display_name":"Chifra Zeila Pramesyanti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158908","display_name":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta","ror":"https://ror.org/05b4za178","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158908"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chifra Zeila Pramesyanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119801390","display_name":"Mahesha Suryo Megantara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158908","display_name":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta","ror":"https://ror.org/05b4za178","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158908"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahesha Suryo Megantara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115090089","display_name":"Marsya Zusrieka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158908","display_name":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta","ror":"https://ror.org/05b4za178","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158908"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marsya Zusrieka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158908"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22091401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12375","display_name":"Cuban History and Society","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12375","display_name":"Cuban History and Society","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13684","display_name":"Political Dynamics in Latin America","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidel-castro","display_name":"Fidel Castro","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-leadership","display_name":"political leadership","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-freedom","display_name":"political freedom","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuban-revolution","display_name":"Cuban Revolution","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socialism","display_name":"socialism","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marxism-leninism","display_name":"Marxism-Leninism","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-opposition","display_name":"political opposition","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-control","display_name":"media control","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-rhetoric","display_name":"political rhetoric","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuba","display_name":"Cuba","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7534999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6403999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776932993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484318","display_name":"Ethos","level":2,"score":0.6266000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.6161999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781046721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28108","display_name":"Political system","level":4,"score":0.5684000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501299471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7272","display_name":"Socialism","level":4,"score":0.5414000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1370556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81009","display_name":"Rhetoric","level":2,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43783602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3088691","display_name":"Political revolution","level":3,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777199996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738074","display_name":"Political movement","level":3,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123108692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49773","display_name":"Social movement","level":3,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17022365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995","display_name":"Individualism","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81307892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303132","display_name":"Political culture","level":3,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831058","display_name":"Political freedom","level":4,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.61183/polikrasi.v5i1.104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61183/polikrasi.v5i1.104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61183/polikrasi.v5i1.104","pdf_url":"https://idereach.com/Journal/index.php/polikrasi/article/download/104/92","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296677","display_name":"Journal of Politics and Democracy","issn_l":"3026-6718","issn":["3026-6718"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Politics and Democracy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.61183/polikrasi.v5i1.104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61183/polikrasi.v5i1.104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61183/polikrasi.v5i1.104","pdf_url":"https://idereach.com/Journal/index.php/polikrasi/article/download/104/92","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296677","display_name":"Journal of Politics and Democracy","issn_l":"3026-6718","issn":["3026-6718"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Politics and Democracy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414717631.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414717631.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48344610","https://openalex.org/W1988377401","https://openalex.org/W2252231435","https://openalex.org/W2618421946","https://openalex.org/W2935009127","https://openalex.org/W4207008360","https://openalex.org/W4235418576","https://openalex.org/W4251088836","https://openalex.org/W4255204793","https://openalex.org/W4390687969","https://openalex.org/W4399582753","https://openalex.org/W4413579566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320503755","https://openalex.org/W7128415171","https://openalex.org/W2592415431","https://openalex.org/W1985200290","https://openalex.org/W7055327655","https://openalex.org/W2981739347","https://openalex.org/W2478038893","https://openalex.org/W4238854332","https://openalex.org/W2908833861","https://openalex.org/W4238406417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cuba":[0],"is":[1,21,87],"a":[2,12,49,104],"country":[3],"located":[4],"in":[5,15,26,74,99,134,141],"the":[6,36,55,66,76,90,150,157,170,173,177,182],"Caribbean":[7],"Islands":[8],"that":[9,128],"adheres":[10],"to":[11,23,88,148,155],"socialist":[13,19,50],"system":[14,20,52],"its":[16],"country,":[17],"this":[18,85,125,165],"believed":[22],"have":[24],"succeeded":[25,73],"providing":[27],"social":[28],"security":[29],"and":[30,119,138,146,161,176],"equal":[31],"distribution":[32],"of":[33,57,79,84,92,124,159,172,179],"education":[34],"for":[35],"Cuban":[37,41],"people.":[38],"The":[39,82,122],"1959":[40,64],"Revolution":[42],"led":[43,69],"by":[44,70,96,108],"Fidel":[45,71,97,129],"Castro":[46,72,98],"successfully":[47],"adopted":[48],"political":[51,93,136,139,174],"based":[53],"on":[54,61],"principles":[56],"Marxism-Leninism,":[58],"after":[59],"which":[60],"January":[62],"1,":[63],"marked":[65],"revolutionary":[67],"movement":[68],"overthrowing":[75],"dictatorial":[77],"regime":[78],"Fulgencio":[80],"Batista.":[81],"purpose":[83],"study":[86,126],"analyze":[89],"impact":[91],"freedom":[94],"implemented":[95],"Cuba.":[100],"This":[101],"research":[102,106],"uses":[103],"secondary":[105],"approach":[107],"collecting":[109],"data":[110],"from":[111],"relevant":[112],"sources,":[113],"such":[114],"as":[115],"books,":[116],"journals,":[117],"articles,":[118],"reliable":[120],"sources.":[121],"results":[123],"show":[127],"Castro's":[130,143],"leadership":[131,166],"was":[132,167],"instrumental":[133],"creating":[135],"conditions":[137],"ethos":[140],"Cuba,":[142],"distinctive":[144],"rhetoric":[145],"ability":[147],"mobilize":[149],"people":[151],"made":[152],"it":[153],"possible":[154],"uphold":[156],"ideology":[158],"socialism":[160],"implement":[162],"it.":[163],"However,":[164],"associated":[168],"with":[169],"weakening":[171],"opposition":[175],"lack":[178],"control":[180],"over":[181],"media.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-02T00:00:00"}