{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414701974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of job motivation and associated factors among health workers in Ethiopia","display_name":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of job motivation and associated factors among health workers in Ethiopia","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414701974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41034956","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12487004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","pdf_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049639459","display_name":"Desalegn Dawit Assele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-6368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-6368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193649603","display_name":"Hawassa University","ror":"https://ror.org/04r15fz20","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193649603"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Desalegn Dawit Assele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia. desalegndawit96@gmail.com","Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia. desalegndawit96@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193649603"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193649603"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037202230","display_name":"Tigabu Addisu Lendado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-3575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-3575"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tigabu Addisu Lendado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolaita Zone Health Department, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-3575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolaita Zone Health Department, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071702120","display_name":"Awoke Abraham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2336-532X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2336-532X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awoke Abraham Ako","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolaita Zone Health Department, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2336-532X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolaita Zone Health Department, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071165935","display_name":"Abera Gezume Ganta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9975-4947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9975-4947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738124","display_name":"Jinka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt9yw23","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738124"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abera Gezume Ganta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jinka University, Jinka, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9975-4947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jinka University, Jinka, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104327169","display_name":"Alemayehu Abebe Demissie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1665-0145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1665-0145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193649603","display_name":"Hawassa University","ror":"https://ror.org/04r15fz20","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193649603"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alemayehu Abebe Demissie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193649603"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109438694","display_name":"Yitayew Ewnetu Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5186-0253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5186-0253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193649603","display_name":"Hawassa University","ror":"https://ror.org/04r15fz20","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193649603"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yitayew Ewnetu Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5186-0253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193649603"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049639459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193649603"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.4921,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49395405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"1270","last_page":"1270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.02459999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12244","display_name":"Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2911","display_name":"Leadership and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-motivation","display_name":"employee motivation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethiopia","display_name":"Ethiopia","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-satisfaction","display_name":"job satisfaction","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-opportunities","display_name":"training opportunities","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-availability","display_name":"resource availability","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-conditions","display_name":"working conditions","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-countries","display_name":"low-income countries","score":0.6290000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.6848999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.66839998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137992405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137608","display_name":"Health administration","level":3,"score":0.6495000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.6485000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518773536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918533","display_name":"Nursing research","level":2,"score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.6051999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5443000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521751864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729207","display_name":"Christian ministry","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991983881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11974939","display_name":"Health worker","level":4,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778091340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15749950","display_name":"Quality of Life Research","level":3,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193395930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3247219","display_name":"International health","level":4,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147268084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5635796","display_name":"HRHIS","level":4,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524218345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31218","display_name":"Health economics","level":3,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775951005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3473024","display_name":"Community health","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005002","descriptor_name":"Ethiopia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007588","descriptor_name":"Job Satisfaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","pdf_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11298158","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12487004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41034956","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41034956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC health services research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12487004","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12487004/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Serv Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63e1311bad9447d8ba1b383c6a6cc1e9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63e1311bad9447d8ba1b383c6a6cc1e9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","pdf_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-025-13394-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414701974.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414701974.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578248918","https://openalex.org/W1970012292","https://openalex.org/W1990017571","https://openalex.org/W2032327966","https://openalex.org/W2044894402","https://openalex.org/W2092721469","https://openalex.org/W2098652232","https://openalex.org/W2113833587","https://openalex.org/W2115938495","https://openalex.org/W2126852509","https://openalex.org/W2129985710","https://openalex.org/W2140598625","https://openalex.org/W2151895360","https://openalex.org/W2157823046","https://openalex.org/W2161374186","https://openalex.org/W2183384489","https://openalex.org/W2338713828","https://openalex.org/W2491634198","https://openalex.org/W2594087979","https://openalex.org/W2800713000","https://openalex.org/W2936182140","https://openalex.org/W2968399180","https://openalex.org/W2995284626","https://openalex.org/W3154623767","https://openalex.org/W4292406247","https://openalex.org/W4307974250","https://openalex.org/W4313433614","https://openalex.org/W4391322620","https://openalex.org/W4398775115","https://openalex.org/W4401615325","https://openalex.org/W4402951062","https://openalex.org/W4403100156","https://openalex.org/W4404705034","https://openalex.org/W4404874437","https://openalex.org/W4407049569","https://openalex.org/W4407719730","https://openalex.org/W4410230279","https://openalex.org/W4410282258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7133711697","https://openalex.org/W4394916819","https://openalex.org/W4407719730","https://openalex.org/W7134907823","https://openalex.org/W2994199205","https://openalex.org/W4298088953","https://openalex.org/W4316144080","https://openalex.org/W1887270654","https://openalex.org/W4410230279","https://openalex.org/W2980413922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Low":[1],"job":[2,73,118,183,195],"motivation":[3,63,74,119,158,196],"among":[4,64,78,197],"healthcare":[5,13,48],"workers":[6,38,146,155,207],"is":[7,53],"a":[8,40,231,237,250],"significant":[9],"issue":[10],"in":[11,16,147,208],"the":[12,45,60,69,90,114,128,148,205,213,240,246,256],"system,":[14],"particularly":[15],"low-income":[17],"countries":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"Ethiopia,":[21,51],"where":[22],"health":[23,37,65,80,145,154,198,206,223,225,257],"professionals":[24],"face":[25],"low":[26],"remuneration,":[27],"inadequate":[28],"benefits,":[29],"and":[30,75,96,120,127,138,182,217,233,248],"poor":[31],"working":[32],"conditions.":[33],"Shortage":[34],"of":[35,47,62,72,117,124,153,166,204,215,242],"motivated":[36,222],"has":[39],"significantly":[41],"negative":[42],"impact":[43],"on":[44,59],"quality":[46],"services.":[49],"In":[50],"there":[52],"no":[54],"representative":[55],"or":[56],"summarized":[57],"data":[58],"level":[61,71,116],"workers.":[66,81,199],"We":[67],"synthesized":[68],"pooled":[70,115,121,151],"its":[76],"determinants":[77],"Ethiopian":[79],"METHODS:":[82],")":[83],"were":[84,99,191],"used":[85,100,111],"to":[86,101,112,229,254],"determine":[87],"heterogeneity":[88],"between":[89],"primary":[91],"studies.":[92],"The":[93,105,150],"funnel":[94],"plot":[95],"Egger's":[97],"test":[98],"assess":[102],"publication":[103],"bias.":[104],"random-effects":[106],"Der":[107],"Simonian-Laird":[108],"method":[109],"was":[110,159],"estimate":[113],"odds":[122],"ratio":[123],"associated":[125,193],"factors,":[126],"corresponding":[129],"95%":[130,170,178,187],"confidence":[131],"interval":[132],"(CI).":[133],"RESULTS:":[134],"This":[135],"systematic":[136],"review":[137],"meta-analysis":[139],"included":[140],"11":[141],"articles,":[142],"involving":[143],"3974":[144],"analysis.":[149],"proportion":[152],"with":[156,194],"good":[157],"44%":[160],"(95%":[161],"CI":[162,171,179,188],"37,":[163],"51%).":[164],"Availability":[165],"resource":[167],"[OR":[168],"3.00;":[169],"1.47,":[172],"6.11],":[173],"training":[174],"opportunities":[175],"[AOR":[176,185],"2.57;":[177],"1.51,":[180],"4.37],":[181],"satisfaction":[184],"3.67,":[186],"1.97,":[189],"6.81]":[190],"factors":[192],"CONCLUSION:":[200],"Less":[201],"than":[202],"half":[203],"Ethiopia":[209],"are":[210],"motivated.":[211],"As":[212],"provision":[214],"compassionate":[216],"high-quality":[218],"care":[219],"requires":[220],"highly":[221],"workers,":[224],"institutions":[226],"should":[227,244],"strive":[228],"create":[230],"nurturing":[232],"conducive":[234],"environment.":[235],"On":[236],"national":[238],"level,":[239],"Ministry":[241],"Health":[243],"recognize":[245],"problem":[247],"develop":[249],"comprehensive,":[251],"integrated":[252],"approach":[253],"manage":[255],"workforce.":[258],"Study":[259],"protocol":[260],"registration:":[261],"CRD420251061167.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
