{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414518293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf075","title":"Can International Advocacy Rally Public Support for Human Rights Sanctions? Experimental Evidence from the United States","display_name":"Can International Advocacy Rally Public Support for Human Rights Sanctions? Experimental Evidence from the United States","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414518293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/isq/sqaf075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf075","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/isq/article-pdf/69/4/sqaf075/64378649/sqaf075.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91639875","display_name":"International Studies Quarterly","issn_l":"0020-8833","issn":["0020-8833","1468-2478"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Studies Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/isq/article-pdf/69/4/sqaf075/64378649/sqaf075.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074315523","display_name":"Ryan Yu-Lin Liou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1426-0324","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1426-0324"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24511612","display_name":"Wabash College","ror":"https://ror.org/00p11pk44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24511612"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Yu-Lin Liou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wabash College ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1426-0324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wabash College ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24511612"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074315523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24511612"],"apc_list":{"value":4320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4320},"apc_paid":{"value":4320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4320},"fwci":1.9636,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84819444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13007","display_name":"Economic Sanctions and International Relations","score":0.39969998598098755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13007","display_name":"Economic Sanctions and International Relations","score":0.39969998598098755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.3725999891757965,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.09889999777078629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-sanctions","display_name":"human rights sanctions","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transnational-activism","display_name":"transnational activism","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-opinion","display_name":"public opinion","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-organizations","display_name":"human rights organizations","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-watch","display_name":"Human Rights Watch","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing-effects","display_name":"framing effects","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-integrity-rights","display_name":"physical integrity rights","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unilateral-sanctions","display_name":"unilateral sanctions","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateral-sanctions","display_name":"multilateral sanctions","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-public-opinion","display_name":"American public opinion","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.8363999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.7973999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.6643000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5713000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781283010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152282","display_name":"Shame","level":2,"score":0.5529000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86615163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147615","display_name":"International human rights law","level":3,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779677289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209689","display_name":"Policy advocacy","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993622102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161355","display_name":"Public support","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95691615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237872","display_name":"Fundamental rights","level":3,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315515","display_name":"Discretion","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/isq/sqaf075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf075","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/isq/article-pdf/69/4/sqaf075/64378649/sqaf075.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91639875","display_name":"International Studies Quarterly","issn_l":"0020-8833","issn":["0020-8833","1468-2478"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Studies Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/isq/sqaf075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf075","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/isq/article-pdf/69/4/sqaf075/64378649/sqaf075.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91639875","display_name":"International Studies Quarterly","issn_l":"0020-8833","issn":["0020-8833","1468-2478"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Studies Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414518293.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414518293.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W426345224","https://openalex.org/W631405088","https://openalex.org/W1485893541","https://openalex.org/W1500708800","https://openalex.org/W1803513961","https://openalex.org/W1868231082","https://openalex.org/W1979425411","https://openalex.org/W1982119995","https://openalex.org/W1985927654","https://openalex.org/W1996563247","https://openalex.org/W1997294271","https://openalex.org/W1998084847","https://openalex.org/W2004044918","https://openalex.org/W2014616134","https://openalex.org/W2040945984","https://openalex.org/W2066465281","https://openalex.org/W2066677051","https://openalex.org/W2070850637","https://openalex.org/W2090043270","https://openalex.org/W2097704655","https://openalex.org/W2111700583","https://openalex.org/W2115006316","https://openalex.org/W2115923267","https://openalex.org/W2127176603","https://openalex.org/W2131377494","https://openalex.org/W2139704625","https://openalex.org/W2148090859","https://openalex.org/W2148257260","https://openalex.org/W2151987904","https://openalex.org/W2155713066","https://openalex.org/W2158612942","https://openalex.org/W2166922378","https://openalex.org/W2214505964","https://openalex.org/W2302203289","https://openalex.org/W2416748203","https://openalex.org/W2426398293","https://openalex.org/W2585011014","https://openalex.org/W2596243421","https://openalex.org/W2605115516","https://openalex.org/W2607441054","https://openalex.org/W2608708474","https://openalex.org/W2610724076","https://openalex.org/W2622163922","https://openalex.org/W2626186833","https://openalex.org/W2656044294","https://openalex.org/W2741815829","https://openalex.org/W2760127706","https://openalex.org/W2793375284","https://openalex.org/W2806373790","https://openalex.org/W2955019325","https://openalex.org/W2968173838","https://openalex.org/W2997171013","https://openalex.org/W3015838809","https://openalex.org/W3118216075","https://openalex.org/W3121886287","https://openalex.org/W3122594301","https://openalex.org/W3124017819","https://openalex.org/W3130111939","https://openalex.org/W3130207667","https://openalex.org/W3135528498","https://openalex.org/W3198852847","https://openalex.org/W3205578935","https://openalex.org/W4206096489","https://openalex.org/W4210287801","https://openalex.org/W4210836439","https://openalex.org/W4211038427","https://openalex.org/W4214744623","https://openalex.org/W4224114301","https://openalex.org/W4245318955","https://openalex.org/W4250577044","https://openalex.org/W4250720389","https://openalex.org/W4255255791","https://openalex.org/W4306759544","https://openalex.org/W4362554070","https://openalex.org/W4377195863","https://openalex.org/W4381512000","https://openalex.org/W4386120484","https://openalex.org/W4387565880","https://openalex.org/W4392588848","https://openalex.org/W4400110155","https://openalex.org/W4401470844","https://openalex.org/W4405648191","https://openalex.org/W4409655604","https://openalex.org/W4409708962","https://openalex.org/W4411789559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6887657267","https://openalex.org/W3198852847","https://openalex.org/W6906326647","https://openalex.org/W7117408842","https://openalex.org/W2967042564","https://openalex.org/W4360861674","https://openalex.org/W6963056286","https://openalex.org/W4377195863","https://openalex.org/W2476973532","https://openalex.org/W4405726858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Human":[1,95,129],"rights":[2,15,81,150,190],"organizations":[3],"regularly":[4],"publicize":[5],"abuses":[6,144],"and":[7,30,59,98,135,192],"shame":[8],"repressive":[9],"regimes.":[10],"But":[11],"can":[12,110,183],"such":[13],"human":[14,189],"messaging":[16,124,132],"effectively":[17,184],"mobilize":[18,154,185],"public":[19,112,155,186],"support":[20,40,113],"for":[21,114,188],"sanctions":[22,100],"against":[23],"these":[24],"regimes?":[25],"This":[26],"study":[27],"examines":[28],"whether":[29],"under":[31,179],"what":[32,53],"conditions":[33,178],"international":[34,181],"advocacy":[35,45,89,108,174,194],"influences":[36],"citizens\u2019":[37],"willingness":[38],"to":[39,153,158],"sanctions.":[41],"I":[42,65],"hypothesize":[43],"that":[44,107],"effectiveness":[46],"depends":[47],"on":[48],"who":[49],"delivers":[50],"the":[51,61,78,88,99,177],"message,":[52],"type":[54,79],"of":[55,74,80,172],"violation":[56,82],"is":[57,63],"reported,":[58],"how":[60],"response":[62],"framed.":[64],"fielded":[66],"a":[67,72],"preregistered":[68],"survey":[69],"experiment":[70],"with":[71],"sample":[73],"2,204":[75],"Americans,":[76],"varying":[77],"(physical":[83],"integrity":[84,143],"vs.":[85,94,103],"empowerment":[86,149],"rights),":[87],"messenger":[90],"(UN":[91],"Special":[92],"Rapporteur":[93],"Rights":[96,130],"Watch),":[97],"framing":[101,161],"(unilateral":[102],"multilateral).":[104],"Results":[105],"show":[106],"messages":[109,140],"increase":[111,165],"sanctions,":[115],"but":[116],"effects":[117],"vary":[118],"significantly":[119,164],"across":[120],"conditions.":[121],"First,":[122],"UN":[123],"produces":[125],"robust":[126],"effects,":[127],"while":[128,148],"Watch":[131],"shows":[133],"weaker":[134],"less":[136],"consistent":[137],"impacts.":[138],"Second,":[139],"describing":[141],"physical":[142],"generate":[145],"strong":[146],"support,":[147],"violations":[151],"fail":[152],"opinion.":[156],"Contrary":[157],"expectations,":[159],"multilateral":[160],"does":[162],"not":[163],"support.":[166],"These":[167],"findings":[168],"advance":[169],"our":[170],"understanding":[171],"transnational":[173],"by":[175],"identifying":[176],"which":[180],"actors":[182],"backing":[187],"enforcement":[191],"when":[193],"efforts":[195],"may":[196],"fall":[197],"short.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}