{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414511369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","title":"School-based group interpersonal therapy for adolescents with depression in Nepal: protocol for a phase III realist cluster-randomised controlled trial","display_name":"School-based group interpersonal therapy for adolescents with depression in Nepal: protocol for a phase III realist cluster-randomised controlled trial","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414511369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40999412","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12465168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94610253","display_name":"BMC Psychiatry","issn_l":"1471-244X","issn":["1471-244X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002473979","display_name":"Kelly Rose\u2010Clarke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-9184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-9184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kelly Rose-Clarke","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. kelly.rose-clarke@ucl.ac.uk","UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. kelly.rose-clarke@ucl.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011522025","display_name":"Cemile Ceren S\u00f6nmez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9553-1028","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9553-1028"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cemile Ceren Sonmez","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080844453","display_name":"Sujan Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6000-0147","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6000-0147"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sujan Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal","UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103069573","display_name":"Bishnu Lamichhane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9956-2385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9956-2385"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bishnu Lamichhane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060608206","display_name":"Indira Pradhan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indira Pradhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Parbati Pandey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parbati Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pratima Kandel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratima Kandel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002141139","display_name":"John P. Hodsoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-9901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-9901"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Hodsoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049987985","display_name":"Lauren Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-3488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-3488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020206677","display_name":"Bryan Patenaude","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5180-3626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5180-3626"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Patenaude","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037674654","display_name":"Helen Verdeli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-8469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-8469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen Verdeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025800603","display_name":"Kamal Gautam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9401-9359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9401-9359"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal Gautam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083847436","display_name":"Mark J. D. Jordans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-8039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-8039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Jordans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087070007","display_name":"Chris P. Bonell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-6498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-6498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120717","display_name":"Faculty of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqv1s26","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120717"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Bonell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966","https://openalex.org/I4210120717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073243953","display_name":"Nagendra P. Luitel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-0205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-0205"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagendra P. Luitel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002473979"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":3.2771,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92247592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"863","last_page":"863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.7490000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.7490000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.039799999445676804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.03350000083446503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-depression","display_name":"adolescent depression","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-psychotherapy","display_name":"interpersonal psychotherapy","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-based-mental-health-intervention","display_name":"school-based mental health programs","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-therapy","display_name":"group therapy","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nepal","display_name":"Nepal","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-mental-health","display_name":"school mental health","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-utility-analysis","display_name":"cost-utility analysis","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanisms-of-change","display_name":"mechanisms of change","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-mechanism-outcome-configurations","display_name":"context-mechanism-outcome configurations","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-regulation","display_name":"emotion regulation","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hope","display_name":"hope","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-attendance","display_name":"school attendance","score":0.7170000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.6028000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5713000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.5383999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777978298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707774","display_name":"Interpersonal psychotherapy","level":3,"score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4839000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339289","display_name":"Attendance","level":2,"score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.3792000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24614281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086331","display_name":"Moderated mediation","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54039966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404268","display_name":"Stress management","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73282008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759895","display_name":"Coping (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778529449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778909","display_name":"Patient Health Questionnaire","level":4,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000074099","descriptor_name":"Equivalence Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000079062","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Psychotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000079062","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Psychotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000079691","descriptor_name":"School Mental Health Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009390","descriptor_name":"Nepal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011615","descriptor_name":"Psychotherapy, Group","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011615","descriptor_name":"Psychotherapy, Group","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012572","descriptor_name":"School Health Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94610253","display_name":"BMC Psychiatry","issn_l":"1471-244X","issn":["1471-244X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11273491","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12465168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40999412","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40999412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12465168","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12465168/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:4678662","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-6498>;","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:openaire/55b0cfe4-c42a-4e8d-a313-fecb80970377","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/55b0cfe4-c42a-4e8d-a313-fecb80970377","pdf_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/378559976/SchoolBasedGroup_RoseClarke_GoldVoR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Rose-Clarke, K, Sonmez, C C, Shrestha, S, Lamichhane, B, Pradhan, I, Pandey, P, Kandel, P, Hodsoll, J, Yan, L, Patenaude, B, Verdeli, H, Gautam, K, Jordans, M, Bonell, C & Luitel, N P 2025, 'School-based group interpersonal therapy for adolescents with depression in nepal : protocol for a phase III realist cluster-randomised controlled trial', BMC Psychiatry, vol. 25, no. 1, 863. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:33aa3247a5ae4cc78c84774a10be9865","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/33aa3247a5ae4cc78c84774a10be9865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Psychiatry, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.7916/eweb-bs43","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/eweb-bs43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/eweb-bs43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402601","display_name":"Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","pdf_url":"https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12888-025-07302-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94610253","display_name":"BMC Psychiatry","issn_l":"1471-244X","issn":["1471-244X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Study Protocol","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3877774769","display_name":"Global Mental Health Training Program","funder_award_id":"T32MH103210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G424209978","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/W00285X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000857503","display_name":"Integrating data for causal inference in behavioral health","funder_award_id":"T32MH122357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000873297","display_name":"Social determinants, trauma, and mental distress among displaced populations","funder_award_id":"F31MH136678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414511369.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414511369.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592317955","https://openalex.org/W1766812542","https://openalex.org/W1869247044","https://openalex.org/W1971147551","https://openalex.org/W1993672325","https://openalex.org/W1996351711","https://openalex.org/W2007249069","https://openalex.org/W2017039362","https://openalex.org/W2030863659","https://openalex.org/W2041230728","https://openalex.org/W2043705607","https://openalex.org/W2057760115","https://openalex.org/W2083336068","https://openalex.org/W2085001923","https://openalex.org/W2093903297","https://openalex.org/W2100643950","https://openalex.org/W2101471529","https://openalex.org/W2117310129","https://openalex.org/W2129019271","https://openalex.org/W2148083007","https://openalex.org/W2149770183","https://openalex.org/W2152131062","https://openalex.org/W2152345693","https://openalex.org/W2157421405","https://openalex.org/W2160244351","https://openalex.org/W2171137184","https://openalex.org/W2214070250","https://openalex.org/W2295533366","https://openalex.org/W2404531844","https://openalex.org/W2473786944","https://openalex.org/W2570678235","https://openalex.org/W2807093528","https://openalex.org/W2807880891","https://openalex.org/W2898962588","https://openalex.org/W2899009604","https://openalex.org/W2901066280","https://openalex.org/W2905522132","https://openalex.org/W2959253266","https://openalex.org/W3000683427","https://openalex.org/W3005001378","https://openalex.org/W3048702830","https://openalex.org/W3101550779","https://openalex.org/W3126807523","https://openalex.org/W3138782602","https://openalex.org/W3164324796","https://openalex.org/W3167611877","https://openalex.org/W3190876559","https://openalex.org/W3203310594","https://openalex.org/W4205139067","https://openalex.org/W4210796923","https://openalex.org/W4226028232","https://openalex.org/W4293562190","https://openalex.org/W4307051968","https://openalex.org/W4386980787","https://openalex.org/W4392733286","https://openalex.org/W4399806631","https://openalex.org/W4400673168","https://openalex.org/W4406627704","https://openalex.org/W4407708780"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293562190","https://openalex.org/W7161375595","https://openalex.org/W4407708780","https://openalex.org/W2144154859","https://openalex.org/W7167918920","https://openalex.org/W2110204260","https://openalex.org/W3048702830","https://openalex.org/W7164897606","https://openalex.org/W1972004951","https://openalex.org/W3112666803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Depression":[1],"is":[2,26,44,172,280,318],"a":[3,31,65,288,291,297,313,332,335],"leading":[4],"cause":[5],"of":[6,77,196,213,233,246,290,334],"disability":[7],"among":[8],"adolescents,":[9,126],"with":[10,83,106,119],"the":[11,72,181,281,328],"burden":[12],"disproportionately":[13],"affecting":[14],"low-":[15],"and":[16,49,55,75,103,141,158,163,194,204,221,237,242,254,260,271,299,305],"middle-income":[17],"countries":[18],"(LMICs)":[19],"where":[20],"access":[21],"to":[22,110,210,283,302],"mental":[23,338],"health":[24,339],"care":[25,340],"limited.":[27],"Interpersonal":[28],"therapy":[29],"(IPT),":[30],"structured":[32],"psychological":[33,292],"intervention,":[34],"has":[35,300],"shown":[36],"promise":[37],"in":[38,56,85,96,239,273,296,312,320],"treating":[39],"adolescent":[40],"depression":[41,84,120,173],"but":[42],"there":[43],"limited":[45],"evidence":[46],"from":[47,133,257],"LMICs":[48],"research":[50,304],"on":[51],"how":[52,309],"it":[53,59,322],"works":[54,60,311],"which":[57],"contexts":[58],"best.":[61],"This":[62,88,278],"protocol":[63],"describes":[64],"realist":[66,285],"cluster-randomised":[67],"controlled":[68],"trial":[69,247,279],"(cRCT)":[70],"assessing":[71],"effectiveness,":[73],"cost-utility":[74,253],"mechanisms":[76,212,220],"school-based":[78],"group":[79,144],"IPT":[80,145,310,317],"for":[81,125,294],"adolescents":[82,295],"Nepal.":[86],"METHODS:":[87],"superiority":[89],"phase":[90],"III":[91],"cRCT":[92,289],"will":[93,130,153,207,228,251,267],"be":[94,131,154,208,229,324],"conducted":[95],"48":[97],"public":[98],"secondary":[99],"schools":[100,107],"across":[101],"Chitwan":[102],"Nawalpur":[104],"districts,":[105],"randomised":[108],"1:1":[109],"intervention":[111,137,293],"or":[112],"enhanced":[113],"usual":[114],"care.":[115],"Adolescents":[116,152],"aged":[117],"13\u201319":[118],"(Patient":[121],"Health":[122],"Questionnaire":[123],"modified":[124,261],"PHQ-A":[127],"score":[128],"\u226511)":[129],"recruited":[132],"grades":[134],"7\u20139.":[135],"The":[136,169,264],"comprises":[138],"two":[139],"individual":[140],"ten":[142],"weekly":[143],"sessions":[146],"delivered":[147],"by":[148,307],"trained":[149],"lay":[150],"facilitators.":[151],"surveyed":[155],"pre-randomisation":[156],"(baseline)":[157],"five":[159],"(midline),":[160],"17":[161,176],"(endline)":[162],"32":[164],"weeks":[165,177],"(follow-up)":[166],"post":[167],"randomisation.":[168],"primary":[170],"outcome":[171],"severity":[174],"at":[175],"post-randomisation":[178],"assessed":[179,209],"using":[180],"PHQ-A.":[182],"Secondary":[183],"outcomes":[184,199],"include":[185],"anxiety,":[186],"post-traumatic":[187],"stress":[188],"disorder,":[189],"functional":[190],"impairment,":[191],"school":[192,275,337],"attendance":[193],"quality":[195],"life.":[197],"Intermediate":[198],"including":[200],"hope,":[201],"emotion":[202],"regulation,":[203],"social":[205],"support":[206],"examine":[211],"change.":[214],"A":[215],"priori":[216],"hypotheses":[217],"concerning":[218],"IPT\u2019s":[219],"contextual":[222],"factors":[223],"influencing":[224],"these":[225],"(context-mechanism-outcome":[226],"configurations)":[227],"refined":[230],"through":[231,327],"analysis":[232],"qualitative":[234],"process":[235,265],"data":[236],"tested":[238],"mediation,":[240],"moderation":[241],"moderated":[243],"mediation":[244],"analyses":[245],"data.":[248],"Economic":[249],"evaluation":[250,266,286],"estimate":[252],"benefit-cost":[255],"ratios":[256],"both":[258],"provider":[259],"societal":[262],"perspectives.":[263],"assess":[268],"fidelity,":[269],"reach,":[270],"acceptability":[272],"various":[274],"settings.":[276],"DISCUSSION:":[277],"first":[282],"integrate":[284],"into":[287],"LMIC":[298],"potential":[301],"advance":[303],"practice":[306],"elucidating":[308],"real-world":[314],"context.":[315],"If":[316],"effective":[319],"Nepal,":[321],"could":[323],"scaled":[325],"up":[326],"education":[329],"system":[330],"as":[331],"part":[333],"comprehensive":[336],"package.":[341],"TRIAL":[342],"REGISTRATION:":[343],"ISRCTN52852397":[344],"(registered":[345],"21/03/2025).":[346]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}