{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414454352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jirp.3184","title":"Navigating Multipolarity: The Evolution of Foreign Policy Strategies through a Political Science Lens","display_name":"Navigating Multipolarity: The Evolution of Foreign Policy Strategies through a Political Science Lens","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414454352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jirp.3184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47941/jirp.3184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jirp.3184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jirp.3184","pdf_url":"https://carijournals.org/journals/JIRP/article/download/3184/3835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387285418","display_name":"Journal of International Relations and Policy","issn_l":"2958-4779","issn":["2958-4779"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Relations and Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://carijournals.org/journals/JIRP/article/download/3184/3835","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119712287","display_name":"Ikrame Kohl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ikrame Kohl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohammed V University-FSJES Souissi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohammed V University-FSJES Souissi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119712287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0408,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96986736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13721","display_name":"Political Science Research and Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13352","display_name":"International Relations in Latin America","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipolarity","display_name":"multipolarity","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-policy-strategy","display_name":"foreign policy strategy","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/great-powers","display_name":"great powers","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-powers","display_name":"middle powers","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rising-powers","display_name":"emerging powers","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-china-rivalry","display_name":"US-China rivalry","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union-foreign-policy","display_name":"EU external relations","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-foreign-policy","display_name":"Indian foreign policy","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brazilian-foreign-policy","display_name":"Brazilian foreign policy","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realism","display_name":"realism","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liberalism","display_name":"liberalism","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructivism","display_name":"constructivism","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hedging","display_name":"hedging","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-alignment","display_name":"multi-alignment","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-competition","display_name":"strategic competition","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-change","display_name":"institutional change","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-design","display_name":"institutional design","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-risk","display_name":"systemic risk","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.7642999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557252395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889","display_name":"Diplomacy","level":3,"score":0.657800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543847140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642826","display_name":"Realism","level":2,"score":0.6265000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133281099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783023","display_name":"Constructivism (international relations)","level":4,"score":0.6057000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5184999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.48249998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188888794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5468430","display_name":"Foreign policy analysis","level":4,"score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196927870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1785609","display_name":"International relations theory","level":4,"score":0.43560001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547727832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6216","display_name":"Liberalism","level":3,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777689456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413574","display_name":"Multilateralism","level":3,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82834280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32492","display_name":"Comparative politics","level":3,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202527836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5480182","display_name":"Post-realism","level":5,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776503585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172301","display_name":"Institutionalism","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780541349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322988","display_name":"Middle power","level":4,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44394981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign relations","level":4,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31168002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1667430","display_name":"International political economy","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15997828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794394","display_name":"Classical liberalism","level":4,"score":0.25049999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190974861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048268","display_name":"European integration","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47941/jirp.3184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jirp.3184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jirp.3184","pdf_url":"https://carijournals.org/journals/JIRP/article/download/3184/3835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387285418","display_name":"Journal of International Relations and Policy","issn_l":"2958-4779","issn":["2958-4779"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Relations and Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47941/jirp.3184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jirp.3184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47941/jirp.3184","pdf_url":"https://carijournals.org/journals/JIRP/article/download/3184/3835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387285418","display_name":"Journal of International Relations and Policy","issn_l":"2958-4779","issn":["2958-4779"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Relations and Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.47620001435279846,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323771","display_name":"Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique","ror":"https://ror.org/00675rp98"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414454352.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414454352.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"The":[1,45,115,154,190],"paper":[2],"explores":[3],"the":[4,10,32,50,57,69,72,80,95,108,161,175,198,201,210,213],"degree":[5],"to":[6,21,28,185,197,208,232,244,258,260],"which":[7,53,93],"multipolarity":[8,120],"alters":[9],"foreign":[11,100,235],"policy":[12,87,101,236,245],"of":[13,34,59,71,104,139,225,234],"great,":[14],"middle":[15,164],"and":[16,25,38,61,63,68,75,89,102,113,125,127,143,151,163,166,168,188,212,217,252],"emerging":[17,162],"powers.":[18],"It":[19,242],"attempts":[20],"provide":[22],"both":[23],"theoretical":[24],"empirical":[26,91],"answers":[27],"how":[29,218],"states":[30],"bargain":[31],"uncertainty":[33],"systems,":[35],"strategic":[36,219],"competition":[37],"institution":[39],"change":[40],"in":[41,65,84,107,205,238,256,263],"a":[42,136,206,264],"multipolar":[43,265],"world.Methodology:":[44],"research":[46],"is":[47,54,82,121],"premised":[48],"on":[49,56],"qualitative":[51],"approach,":[52],"grounded":[55],"theories":[58],"realism":[60,132],"liberalism":[62],"constructivism":[64],"International":[66],"Relations":[67],"application":[70],"historical":[73],"analysis":[74],"comparative":[76],"case":[77],"studies.":[78],"All":[79],"data":[81],"used":[83],"peer-reviewed":[85],"scholarship,":[86],"papers,":[88],"recent":[90],"research,":[92],"include":[94],"U.S.-China":[96],"rivalry,":[97],"European":[98],"Union":[99],"strategies":[103],"other":[105],"actors":[106],"region,":[109],"such":[110],"as":[111,178],"India":[112],"Brazil.Results:":[114],"discussion":[116],"has":[117,135,192,203],"established":[118],"that":[119,146],"indeed":[122],"more":[123],"instable":[124],"competitive":[126],"can":[128],"be":[129,250],"explained":[130],"by":[131,149,174],"but":[133],"also":[134],"greater":[137],"potential":[138],"diplomatic":[140],"latitude,":[141],"hedging":[142],"local":[144],"autonomy":[145],"are":[147,157,171],"prescribed":[148],"liberal":[150],"constructivist":[152],"perspectives.":[153],"multi-alignment":[155],"tendencies":[156],"gaining":[158],"grounds":[159],"among":[160],"powers":[165,177],"alliances":[167],"institutional":[169,253],"interests":[170],"being":[172],"re-calibrated":[173],"great":[176],"they":[179],"attempt":[180],"consolidate":[181],"their":[182],"interests.Unique":[183],"Contribution":[184],"Theory,":[186],"Policy":[187],"Practice:":[189],"theory":[191,199],"made":[193],"an":[194],"original":[195],"contribution":[196],"because":[200],"article":[202],"been":[204],"position":[207],"reconcile":[209],"classical":[211],"modern":[214],"multi-polarity":[215],"argument,":[216],"adaptation":[220],"varies":[221],"with":[222],"varying":[223],"hierarchies":[224],"power.":[226],"In":[227],"fact,":[228],"it":[229],"provides":[230],"hints":[231],"re-calibration":[233],"approaches":[237],"ambiguous":[239],"international":[240],"environments.":[241],"explains":[243],"why":[246],"adaptive":[247],"diplomacy":[248],"should":[249],"refined":[251],"design":[254],"re-conceptualized":[255],"order":[257],"adapt":[259],"systemic":[261],"risks":[262],"order.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-23T07:36:19.812096","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
