{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414337461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34925/eip.2025.180.7.262","title":"\u0411\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0416\u041b\u0418\u0412\u042b\u0419 \u041e\u0424\u0418\u0421 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041b\u0423\u0416\u0411\u0415 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041d\u0426\u0418\u041f\u041e\u0412 \u0423\u041b\u0423\u0427\u0428\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0419 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0417\u0412\u041e\u0414\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u0422\u0420\u0423\u0414\u0410","display_name":"\u0411\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0416\u041b\u0418\u0412\u042b\u0419 \u041e\u0424\u0418\u0421 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041b\u0423\u0416\u0411\u0415 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041d\u0426\u0418\u041f\u041e\u0412 \u0423\u041b\u0423\u0427\u0428\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0419 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0418\u0417\u0412\u041e\u0414\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u0422\u0420\u0423\u0414\u0410","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414337461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34925/eip.2025.180.7.262"},"language":"ru","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34925/eip.2025.180.7.262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34925/eip.2025.180.7.262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34925/eip.2025.180.7.262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306540603","display_name":"\u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e","issn_l":"1999-2300","issn":["1999-2300"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004312957","display_name":"Alfira Anasovna Khaertdinova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-7081","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-7081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54195498","display_name":"Kazan State Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/03shav252","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54195498"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0410.\u0410. \u0425\u0410\u0415\u0420\u0422\u0414\u0418\u041d\u041e\u0412\u0410","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54195498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020043785","display_name":"Anna Yurievna Maliashova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-9258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-9258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54195498","display_name":"Kazan State Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/03shav252","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54195498"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0410.\u042e. \u041c\u0410\u041b\u042f\u0428\u041e\u0412\u0410","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54195498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54195498"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18845556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"7(180)","first_page":"1448","last_page":"1450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13706","display_name":"Management and Optimization Techniques","score":0.5386000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13706","display_name":"Management and Optimization Techniques","score":0.5386000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.43849998712539673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12905","display_name":"Management Systems and Quality Improvement","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lean-manufacturing","display_name":"lean manufacturing","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toyota-production-system","display_name":"Toyota Production System","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/office-work","display_name":"office work","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-improvement","display_name":"productivity improvement","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-problems","display_name":"implementation problems","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-process-management","display_name":"business process management","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-manufacturing-sector","display_name":"non-manufacturing industries","score":0.8299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137335462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380772","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.6310999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5539000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5205000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780729894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553383","display_name":"Toyota Production System","level":3,"score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4853000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135909481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092930","display_name":"Production manager","level":3,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101826366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Production engineering","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776600044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376444","display_name":"Kaizen","level":3,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991833021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q361","display_name":"First world war","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986160967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043282","display_name":"Business management","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34925/eip.2025.180.7.262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34925/eip.2025.180.7.262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34925/eip.2025.180.7.262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306540603","display_name":"\u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e","issn_l":"1999-2300","issn":["1999-2300"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7072380940","https://openalex.org/W7221792441","https://openalex.org/W6926409730","https://openalex.org/W192352725","https://openalex.org/W6945373673","https://openalex.org/W6997615588","https://openalex.org/W7129512282","https://openalex.org/W2898847290","https://openalex.org/W4407108108","https://openalex.org/W2551042874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0412":[0,39,102],"\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435":[1],"20":[2],"\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430":[3],"\u043f\u043e":[4],"\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438":[5],"\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439":[6],"\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439":[7],"\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b":[8],"\u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438":[9],"\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438":[10],"\u0438":[11,15,32,53,62,86,98,114],"\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438":[12],"\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430":[13],"\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430":[14],"\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430":[16],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f":[17],"\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430":[18],"\u00abToyota":[19],"Production":[20,146],"System\u00bb,":[21],"\u043a\u0430\u043a":[22,72],"\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f":[23,42,73],"\u00abLean":[24],"production\u00bb,":[25],"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f":[26],"\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e":[27],"\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430":[28],"\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c":[29],"\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435":[30],"\u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430":[31],"\u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445":[33],"\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439":[34],"\u0432\u043e":[35],"\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c":[36],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c":[37],"\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435.":[38],"\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438":[40],"\u044d\u0442\u0430":[41],"\u043f\u043e\u0434":[43],"\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c":[44],"\u00ab\u0411\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435":[45],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u00bb":[46],"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430":[47],"\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430":[48],"\u0432":[49,93,99,111,120],"\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435":[50],"\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e":[51],"\u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f":[52],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442":[54],"\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c":[55],"\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c":[56],"\u0438\u0437":[57],"\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445":[58],"\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432":[59],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e":[60],"\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430":[61],"\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":[63],"\u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441":[64],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438":[65],"\u0434\u043e":[66],"\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e":[67],"\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.":[68],"\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430":[69],"\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e":[70],"\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c":[71],"\u0434\u043b\u044f":[74],"\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438":[75],"\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439":[76],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438,":[77],"\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e":[78],"\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c":[79],"\u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e":[80],"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e":[81],"\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e,":[82],"\u0447\u0442\u043e":[83],"\u0435\u0435":[84],"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b":[85],"\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b":[87],"\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442":[88],"\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439":[89],"\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442":[90],"\u043d\u0435":[91],"\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e":[92],"\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445":[94],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445":[95],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0445,":[96],"\u043d\u043e":[97],"\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439":[100],"\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435.":[101],"\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439":[103],"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435":[104],"\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f":[105],"\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442":[106],"\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":[107],"\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438":[108],"\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435":[109],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e":[110],"\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435":[112],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b":[113],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b,":[115],"\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435":[116],"\u0441":[117],"\u0435\u0433\u043e":[118],"\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c":[119],"\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439":[121],"\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435.":[122],"In":[123,167],"the":[124,127,131,144,156,164,177,188,200,212,215,240,246,250,259],"middle":[125],"of":[126,133,158,179,187,192,214,248,252],"20th":[128],"century,":[129],"after":[130],"end":[132],"World":[134],"War":[135],"II,":[136],"Japanese":[137],"engineers":[138],"and":[139,142,160,182,195,226,258],"managers":[140],"created":[141,207],"formed":[143],"Toyota":[145],"System":[147],"as":[148,208],"a":[149,209],"Lean":[150],"production":[151,193,235],"concept,":[152],"which":[153],"gradually":[154],"gained":[155],"attention":[157],"businesses":[159],"large":[161],"corporations":[162],"throughout":[163],"progressive":[165],"world.":[166],"Russia,":[168],"this":[169,180],"concept":[170,210,251],"called":[171],"\"Lean":[172],"Manufacturing\"":[173],"became":[174,221],"known":[175],"at":[176],"beginning":[178],"millennium":[181],"continues":[183],"to":[184,199],"be":[185],"one":[186],"most":[189],"sought-after":[190],"methods":[191],"management":[194,198],"business":[196],"process":[197],"present":[201],"day.":[202],"The":[203],"system":[204],"was":[205],"originally":[206],"for":[211],"resuscitation":[213],"automotive":[216],"industry,":[217],"but":[218,237],"it":[219],"quickly":[220],"apparent":[222],"that":[223],"its":[224,263],"principles":[225],"tools":[227],"were":[228],"yielding":[229],"positive":[230],"results":[231],"not":[232],"only":[233],"in":[234,239,265],"processes,":[236],"also":[238],"non-manufacturing":[241],"sector.":[242],"This":[243],"article":[244],"examines":[245],"experience":[247],"introducing":[249],"lean":[253],"manufacturing":[254],"into":[255],"office":[256,266],"processes":[257],"problems":[260],"associated":[261],"with":[262],"implementation":[264],"work.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}