{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414306138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849","title":"Feasibility and perceived utility of immersive virtual reality for training radiology residents in contrast reaction management: a pilot study","display_name":"Feasibility and perceived utility of immersive virtual reality for training radiology residents in contrast reaction management: a pilot study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414306138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John D. Karp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799810409","display_name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/02917wp91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409","https://openalex.org/I4210143392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John D. Karp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daniel Weber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799810409","display_name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/02917wp91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409","https://openalex.org/I4210143392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043049869","display_name":"Mike Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8949-995X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8949-995X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799810409","display_name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/02917wp91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409","https://openalex.org/I4210143392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Neil E. Harrison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799810409","display_name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/02917wp91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409","https://openalex.org/I4210143392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil E. Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083853907","display_name":"Terence P.F. Gade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-0661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-0661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799810409","display_name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/02917wp91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409","https://openalex.org/I4210143392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terence P. Gade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041843864","display_name":"Noel N. Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799810409","display_name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/02917wp91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409","https://openalex.org/I4210143392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noel Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077811887","display_name":"Kristoffel R. Dumon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5579-8684","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5579-8684"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799810409","display_name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/02917wp91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409","https://openalex.org/I4210143392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristoffel Dumon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072790437","display_name":"Ali H. Dhanaliwala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-700X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2152-700X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799810409","display_name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/02917wp91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409","https://openalex.org/I4210143392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali H. Dhanaliwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24313275,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.4796999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.4796999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.35839998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.12110000103712082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersive-virtual-reality","display_name":"immersive virtual reality","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology-residents","display_name":"radiology residents","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality-simulation","display_name":"virtual reality simulation","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast-enhanced-computed-tomography","display_name":"contrast-enhanced CT","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-sickness","display_name":"motion sickness","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-usefulness","display_name":"perceived usefulness","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-retention","display_name":"skill retention","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residency-training","display_name":"residency training","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.7092999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178441611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472094","display_name":"Training effect","level":3,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018222959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832986","display_name":"Simulation training","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112945","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","level":3,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59364581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747810","display_name":"Questionnaire","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fa7454cd5756423db915551a1fe86f94","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fa7454cd5756423db915551a1fe86f94","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol 6 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2025.1615849/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228137","display_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","issn_l":"2673-4192","issn":["2673-4192"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414306138.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414306138.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063073606","https://openalex.org/W2082936609","https://openalex.org/W2091637870","https://openalex.org/W2148815670","https://openalex.org/W2151905266","https://openalex.org/W2168569455","https://openalex.org/W2782892168","https://openalex.org/W2948358298","https://openalex.org/W2979585747","https://openalex.org/W3014138823","https://openalex.org/W3041285464","https://openalex.org/W3153668789","https://openalex.org/W3173564482","https://openalex.org/W3176626649","https://openalex.org/W3177513418","https://openalex.org/W3179313532","https://openalex.org/W3183250866","https://openalex.org/W4205228582","https://openalex.org/W4281769593","https://openalex.org/W4317998632","https://openalex.org/W4322583474","https://openalex.org/W4388847461","https://openalex.org/W4392982789","https://openalex.org/W4396770070","https://openalex.org/W4400348041","https://openalex.org/W4412583476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407568384","https://openalex.org/W4310773731","https://openalex.org/W3049467122","https://openalex.org/W7162464212","https://openalex.org/W7214136111","https://openalex.org/W2885504279","https://openalex.org/W4390146332","https://openalex.org/W3091200860","https://openalex.org/W4409039219","https://openalex.org/W2567051933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Millions":[1],"of":[2,12,39,46,54,112,117,135,189,215,231,255,262],"contrast-enhanced":[3],"CTs":[4],"are":[5,222],"performed":[6],"every":[7],"year,":[8],"resulting":[9],"in":[10,36,89,169],"thousands":[11],"contrast":[13,65,76,141],"reactions":[14],"that":[15,150],"require":[16],"prompt":[17],"assessment.":[18],"Radiologists":[19],"tasked":[20],"with":[21,91],"responding":[22],"to":[23,50,63,74,84,106,164,224,250],"these":[24,235],"patients":[25],"must":[26],"develop":[27],"and":[28,110,127,130,144,172,192,207],"maintain":[29],"appropriate":[30],"skills,":[31],"which":[32],"can":[33],"be":[34,155,179],"difficult":[35],"the":[37,52,86,98,113,139,166,170,175,242,253],"absence":[38],"consistent":[40],"exposure":[41],"or":[42],"practice.":[43],"The":[44],"aim":[45],"this":[47,216],"study":[48,218],"was":[49,72,104],"evaluate":[51],"efficacy":[53],"virtual":[55],"reality":[56],"(VR)":[57],"for":[58,157,181,257],"teaching":[59],"radiology":[60,80,158,220],"residents":[61,81,221],"how":[62],"manage":[64],"reactions.":[66],"Approach":[67],"A":[68,133,197],"custom":[69],"VR":[70,87,99,140,153,176,226,256],"application":[71],"developed":[73],"simulate":[75],"reaction":[77,142],"scenarios.":[78],"First-year":[79],"were":[82],"asked":[83],"complete":[85],"simulation":[88,143,177],"parallel":[90],"an":[92,101,162],"in-person,":[93],"instructor-led":[94],"workshop.":[95],"After":[96],"completing":[97],"simulation,":[100],"anonymous":[102],"survey":[103,147],"used":[105],"assess":[107],"views":[108],"towards":[109],"experience":[111],"simulator":[114],"via":[115],"components":[116],"previously":[118],"validated":[119],"instruments":[120],"including":[121],"motion":[122],"sickness,":[123],"realism,":[124],"task":[125],"load,":[126],"technology":[128,167],"access":[129],"awareness.":[131],"Results":[132],"total":[134],"11":[136],"participants":[137],"completed":[138],"survey.":[145],"Post-simulation":[146],"results":[148],"found":[149,201],"91%":[151],"thought":[152,174],"could":[154],"useful":[156,180],"education,":[159],"82%":[160],"reported":[161,186,194],"intent":[163],"use":[165],"again":[168],"future,":[171],"73%":[173],"would":[178],"maintaining":[182],"their":[183],"skills.":[184,263],"54%":[185],"some":[187],"level":[188],"general":[190],"discomfort":[191,208],"18%":[193],"severe":[195],"headache.":[196],"Fisher":[198],"exact":[199],"test":[200],"no":[202],"correlation":[203],"between":[204],"perceived":[205],"usefulness":[206],"(p":[209],"=":[210],"1).":[211],"Conclusion":[212],"Initial":[213],"findings":[214],"pilot":[217],"suggest":[219],"open":[223],"utilizing":[225],"tools,":[227],"despite":[228],"moderate":[229],"levels":[230],"discomfort,":[232],"but":[233],"view":[234],"tools":[236],"as":[237],"education":[238,259],"adjuncts.":[239],"However,":[240],"given":[241],"small":[243],"sample":[244],"size,":[245],"continued":[246],"investigation":[247],"is":[248],"needed":[249],"better":[251],"understand":[252],"role":[254],"primary":[258],"versus":[260],"maintenance":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}