{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414258317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533","title":"Normative intracranial EEG highlights epileptic abnormalities across wakefulness and sleep","display_name":"Normative intracranial EEG highlights epileptic abnormalities across wakefulness and sleep","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414258317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068966342","display_name":"Akash R. Pattnaik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2474-1685","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2474-1685"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akash R. Pattnaik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2474-1685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025966210","display_name":"Ian Z. Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Z. Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091769728","display_name":"John M. Bernabei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3012-1263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3012-1263"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Bernabei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA","Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 913, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3012-1263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 913, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091766898","display_name":"Carlos A. Aguila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9460-3549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9460-3549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos A. Aguila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9460-3549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007603388","display_name":"Alfredo Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-735X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-735X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfredo Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-735X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103064501","display_name":"Daniel J. Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7555-7918","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7555-7918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7555-7918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101983491","display_name":"Ryan S. Gallagher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-9142","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-9142"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Gallagher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-9142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090757910","display_name":"William K.S. Ojemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5166-536X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5166-536X","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9131-4847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William K. S. Ojemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5166-536X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093796301","display_name":"Mariam Josyula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4999-966X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4999-966X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariam Josyula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4999-966X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098928199","display_name":"Nina Petillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0702-7948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0702-7948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nina Petillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0702-7948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079120203","display_name":"Joel M. Stein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-1780","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-1780"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel S. Stein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-1780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071227075","display_name":"Kathryn A. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-6480","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-6480","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8018-8418","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5830-6676"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn A. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-6480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025795521","display_name":"Nishant Sinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-4889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-4889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nishant Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-4889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039681359","display_name":"Erin C. Conrad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8910-1817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8910-1817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erin C. Conrad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8910-1817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017821899","display_name":"Brian Litt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-6927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-6927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Litt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-6927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068966342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.8895999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.8895999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.10189999639987946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistant-epilepsy","display_name":"drug-resistant epilepsy","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-wake-states","display_name":"sleep-wake states","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nrem-sleep","display_name":"NREM sleep","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-coherence","display_name":"spectral coherence","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seizure-outcome-prediction","display_name":"seizure outcome prediction","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engel-classification","display_name":"Engel classification","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychological-performance","display_name":"neuropsychological performance","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interictal-spikes","display_name":"interictal spikes","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy-comorbidity","display_name":"epilepsy comorbidity","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-biomarkers","display_name":"quantitative biomarkers","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy-surgery","display_name":"epilepsy surgery","score":0.4729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17755696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16564780","display_name":"Ictal","level":3,"score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.7150999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779320081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246710","display_name":"Wakefulness","level":3,"score":0.6617000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.6294000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6255999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63759246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7539762","display_name":"Sleep onset","level":3,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125990524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322921","display_name":"EEG-fMRI","level":3,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20566671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752878","display_name":"Non-rapid eye movement sleep","level":3,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780803581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347108","display_name":"Epilepsy surgery","level":3,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910364982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep Stages","level":4,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110539466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3964845","display_name":"Slow-wave sleep","level":3,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364801","display_name":"Sleep deprivation","level":3,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779334592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6279182","display_name":"Epileptic seizure","level":3,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780317758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339235","display_name":"Neurological disorder","level":3,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781082017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268925","display_name":"Quantitative electroencephalography","level":3,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50231774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639842","display_name":"Brain mapping","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.10.25335533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902335101","https://openalex.org/W1971405945","https://openalex.org/W1977497447","https://openalex.org/W1991623258","https://openalex.org/W2017455791","https://openalex.org/W2019587683","https://openalex.org/W2026120092","https://openalex.org/W2039729897","https://openalex.org/W2068598659","https://openalex.org/W2076158969","https://openalex.org/W2077603601","https://openalex.org/W2079207152","https://openalex.org/W2102254099","https://openalex.org/W2106822551","https://openalex.org/W2120853742","https://openalex.org/W2157586156","https://openalex.org/W2320560376","https://openalex.org/W2345171742","https://openalex.org/W2535166298","https://openalex.org/W2563024428","https://openalex.org/W2726679539","https://openalex.org/W2787926624","https://openalex.org/W2791093243","https://openalex.org/W2792435683","https://openalex.org/W2883680372","https://openalex.org/W2902177076","https://openalex.org/W2913884775","https://openalex.org/W2947129028","https://openalex.org/W2964253532","https://openalex.org/W2987685276","https://openalex.org/W2991470705","https://openalex.org/W2994264552","https://openalex.org/W3003434229","https://openalex.org/W3005533460","https://openalex.org/W3087578473","https://openalex.org/W3146275279","https://openalex.org/W3161743114","https://openalex.org/W4205461504","https://openalex.org/W4205484381","https://openalex.org/W4206719969","https://openalex.org/W4224235648","https://openalex.org/W4285198461","https://openalex.org/W4288809232","https://openalex.org/W4295132197","https://openalex.org/W4299627282","https://openalex.org/W4300999205","https://openalex.org/W4308212141","https://openalex.org/W4309656802","https://openalex.org/W4309667004","https://openalex.org/W4310937505","https://openalex.org/W4313892341","https://openalex.org/W4318913147","https://openalex.org/W4321599374","https://openalex.org/W4367299217","https://openalex.org/W4385479199","https://openalex.org/W4386317542","https://openalex.org/W4390271927","https://openalex.org/W4391917267","https://openalex.org/W4396746851","https://openalex.org/W4402900294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206719969","https://openalex.org/W2987685276","https://openalex.org/W4391917267","https://openalex.org/W4401845280","https://openalex.org/W7140664197","https://openalex.org/W3163557764","https://openalex.org/W4281701197","https://openalex.org/W4205484381","https://openalex.org/W4385436413","https://openalex.org/W4406882396"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"There":[1],"is":[2,31,68,79],"great":[3,49],"interest":[4],"in":[5,119,243,289],"using":[6,34],"quantitative":[7,213],"methods":[8],"to":[9,45,51,58,128,141,155,160,215],"localize":[10],"epileptic":[11],"networks":[12],"from":[13,54,74,92,103,254],"intracranial":[14,88],"EEG,":[15],"a":[16,138,150],"vital":[17],"part":[18],"of":[19,61,65,77,166,172,195,212,278],"care":[20],"for":[21,37,70,163,175,240],"patients":[22],"with":[23,222,236],"drug":[24],"resistant":[25],"epilepsy":[26,216],"(DRE).":[27],"In":[28,82],"particular,":[29],"there":[30],"evidence":[32],"that":[33,220],"interictal":[35,87,284],"data":[36,67,91],"this":[38,66,71,83,173],"purpose,":[39,72],"which":[40],"could":[41],"eliminate":[42],"the":[43,132,143,170,181,184,196,287],"need":[44],"record":[46],"seizures,":[47],"has":[48],"potential":[50],"reduce":[52],"morbidity":[53],"precipitated":[55],"seizures":[56],"and":[57,73,95,111,117,123,193,206,256,262,280,283],"decrease":[59],"length":[60],"stay.":[62],"How":[63],"much":[64],"required":[69],"what":[75],"state(s)":[76],"consciousness,":[78],"not":[80],"known.":[81],"study":[84],"we":[85,179],"analyzed":[86],"EEG":[89],"(iEEG)":[90],"30":[93],"subjects":[94,221,235],"compared":[96],"it":[97],"against":[98],"normative":[99],"reference":[100],"iEEG":[101],"derived":[102],"106":[104],"additional":[105],"patients.":[106],"We":[107,136,148,199,218],"summarized":[108],"brain":[109],"activity":[110],"connectivity":[112],"by":[113],"computing":[114],"spectral":[115],"power":[116],"coherence":[118],"6":[120],"frequency":[121],"bands":[122],"computed":[124,180],"z":[125],"-scores":[126],"relative":[127],"normal":[129],"features":[130,253],"within":[131,192],"same":[133],"anatomical":[134],"region.":[135],"used":[137],"validated":[139],"algorithm":[140],"estimate":[142],"sleep":[144,245,258,281],"or":[145],"wake":[146,279],"state.":[147],"applied":[149],"cross-validated":[151],"random":[152],"forest":[153],"model":[154],"assign":[156],"predicted":[157,190,204,241],"abnormality":[158,191],"value":[159],"each":[161,164,176],"channel":[162],"state":[165],"wakefulness.":[167],"To":[168],"determine":[169],"effectiveness":[171],"approach":[174],"unseen":[177],"patient,":[178],"area":[182],"under":[183],"precision":[185],"recall":[186],"curve":[187],"(AUPRC)":[188],"between":[189,203],"outside":[194],"resection":[197],"zone.":[198],"further":[200],"identified":[201],"associations":[202],"abnormalities":[205,242,282],"neuropsychological":[207,291],"testing":[208,292],"performance,":[209],"highlighting":[210],"applications":[211],"biomarkers":[214],"comorbidities.":[217],"found":[219],"good":[223,261],"seizure":[224,238,264],"outcome":[225,239,265],"(Engel":[226],"1)":[227],"at":[228],"2":[229,295],"years":[230],"had":[231],"higher":[232],"AUPRC":[233],"than":[234],"poor":[237,263],"N2":[244],"(Mann-Whitney":[246,267],"test;":[247,268],"p":[248,269],"Holm=Bonferroni":[249,270],"<":[250,271],"0.05).":[251],"Combining":[252],"wakefulness":[255],"NREM":[257],"best":[259],"separated":[260],"subgroups":[266],"0.05,":[272],"Cohen\u2019s":[273],"d":[274],"=":[275,296],"1.62).":[276],"Combinations":[277],"spikes":[285],"explained":[286],"variance":[288],"pre-surgical":[290],"(":[293],"R":[294],"0.57-0.58).":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2025-09-17T00:00:00"}
