{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414211432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6706671/v1","title":"Effect of Nutrition Education to Enhance Dietary Adherence Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Diabetic follow-up Clinics in Addis Ababa: A Multi-center Quasi Experimental Study Based on the Health Belief Model","display_name":"Effect of Nutrition Education to Enhance Dietary Adherence Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Diabetic follow-up Clinics in Addis Ababa: A Multi-center Quasi Experimental Study Based on the Health Belief Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414211432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6706671/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6706671/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6706671/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6706671/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6706671/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6706671/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092770219","display_name":"Chala Getaneh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446374","display_name":"Menelik II Medical and Health Science College","ror":"https://ror.org/016eff762","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chala Getaneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102535550","display_name":"S Mariam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446374","display_name":"Menelik II Medical and Health Science College","ror":"https://ror.org/016eff762","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Semre G/Mariam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dawit Tsegaye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446374","display_name":"Menelik II Medical and Health Science College","ror":"https://ror.org/016eff762","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawit Tsegaye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116490332","display_name":"Oliyad kuma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446374","display_name":"Menelik II Medical and Health Science College","ror":"https://ror.org/016eff762","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliyad Kuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116490331","display_name":"Mulgeta Taybele","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446374","display_name":"Menelik II Medical and Health Science College","ror":"https://ror.org/016eff762","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mulgeta Taybele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116490333","display_name":"Jelalu kedir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446374","display_name":"Menelik II Medical and Health Science College","ror":"https://ror.org/016eff762","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jelalu Kedir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Menlik II Medical and Health Sciences College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112731879","display_name":"Abera Lambebo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-0364","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-0364"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282700336","display_name":"Debre Berhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e72vw61","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282700336"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abera Lambebo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Debre Berhan University, College of Health Science, Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Debre Berhan University, College of Health Science, Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282700336"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092770219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12873","display_name":"Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrition-education","display_name":"nutrition education","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-adherence","display_name":"dietary adherence","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-belief-model","display_name":"Health Belief Model","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrition-knowledge","display_name":"nutrition knowledge","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-intervention","display_name":"lifestyle intervention","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-complications","display_name":"diabetes complications","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/addis-ababa","display_name":"Addis Ababa","score":0.8569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9085999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776890026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7070501","display_name":"Nutrition Education","level":2,"score":0.5491999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1602351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381370","display_name":"Health belief model","level":4,"score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113807197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60894","display_name":"Health education","level":3,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423378","display_name":"Knowledge level","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75141282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2358629","display_name":"Medical nutrition therapy","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105054674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707381","display_name":"Mean difference","level":3,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70818257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502671","display_name":"Metabolic control analysis","level":3,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6706671/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6706671/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6706671/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6706671/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6706671/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6706671/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6706671/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6706671/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.5666999816894531}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414211432.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414211432.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2474177829","https://openalex.org/W2578241329","https://openalex.org/W2808656292","https://openalex.org/W2889526572","https://openalex.org/W3017207474","https://openalex.org/W3084020062","https://openalex.org/W3084346878","https://openalex.org/W3211017127","https://openalex.org/W4200093922","https://openalex.org/W4322625648","https://openalex.org/W4378783220","https://openalex.org/W4386995837","https://openalex.org/W4387018434","https://openalex.org/W4388755409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7216194481","https://openalex.org/W4378783220","https://openalex.org/W2735713218","https://openalex.org/W4392354183","https://openalex.org/W4408843856","https://openalex.org/W2268864396","https://openalex.org/W4392568795","https://openalex.org/W2945624757","https://openalex.org/W2794547758","https://openalex.org/W7214740496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"INTRODUCTION;Type":[1],"2":[2],"Diabetes":[3],"Mellitus":[4],"(T2D),":[5],"is":[6],"Aa":[7],"Life-Threatening":[8],"Condition":[9],"Of":[10],"Public":[11],"Health":[12,268,292],"Concern.":[13],"it":[14],"worsens":[15],"acute":[16,28],"and":[17,29,32,46,104,133,179,185,187,204,218,225,227,232,261,274,287],"Chronic":[18],"complications.":[19],"However,":[20],"lifestyle":[21,44],"interventions":[22],"reduce":[23],"the":[24,39,57,129,150,216,236,252],"risk":[25],"of":[26,49,59,152,254,277],"both":[27],"chronic":[30],"complications,":[31],"nutrition":[33,264,298,309],"education":[34,265,299,310],"can":[35],"empower":[36],"individuals":[37],"on":[38,155,267],"appropriate":[40],"metabolic":[41],"control,":[42],"global":[43],"changes":[45],"optimize":[47],"quality":[48],"life.":[50],"OBJECTIVE;":[51],"The":[52,96,176,198],"study":[53,77],"was":[54,78,100,111,118,126,142,168,183,190,207,223,238,245],"to":[55,63,120,148],"assess":[56,149],"effect":[58],"nutrtion":[60],"educational":[61,153],"intervention":[62,154,195,258],"enhance":[64],"dietary":[65,205,229,275],"adherence":[66,206,276],"among":[67],"type":[68,278],"II":[69,279],"diabetes":[70,280],"mellitus":[71,281],"patients.":[72,282],"METHOD;":[73],"A":[74],"quasi-":[75],"experimental":[76],"conducted":[79],"By":[80],"Allocating":[81],"Hospitals":[82],"Into":[83],"An":[84],"Intervention":[85],"that":[86],"Was":[87],"Receive":[88,95],"Nutrition":[89],"Education":[90],"against":[91],"Controls":[92],"That":[93],"Would":[94],"Routine":[97],"Service.":[98],"Data":[99],"measured":[101],"twice":[102],"(baseline":[103],"end":[105],"line":[106],"survey":[107],"after":[108],"twelveweek.The":[109],"data":[110,117],"collected":[112,116],"using":[113,144],"kobo":[114],"toolbox.The":[115],"exported":[119],"Spss":[121],"version":[122],"25":[123],"Continuous":[124],"variables":[125,135],"presented":[127,136],"as":[128,137],"mean\u00b1":[130],"standard":[131],"deviation":[132],"categorical":[134],"percentages.":[138],"Comparisons":[139],"between":[140],"groups":[141],"performed":[143],"paired-samples":[145],"t":[146],"tests":[147],"Effect":[151],"Dietary":[156,188],"Adherence.":[157],"At":[158],"95%":[159],"confidence":[160],"level,":[161],"value":[162],"with":[163],"p-values":[164],"less":[165],"than":[166],"0.05":[167],"considered":[169],"signifcant":[170],"for":[171],"all":[172],"statistical":[173],"tests.":[174],"Result.":[175],"mean":[177,201,220],"pre-":[178,217],"postintervention":[180,219],"nutritional":[181,202,221,272],"knowledge":[182,203,222,273],"1.35":[184],"2.46":[186],"Adherence":[189,230],"2.8324":[191],"And":[192],"5.8002":[193],"in":[194,200,251,257],"group,":[196,215],"respectively.":[197,234],"increase":[199],"statistically":[208],"significant":[209,240,246],"(P":[210,241,247],"<":[211,248],"0.001).":[212],"In":[213],"control":[214],"1.40":[224,226],"good":[228],"was,2.8567":[231],"2.9142":[233],"but":[235],"difference":[237],"not":[239],">":[242],"0.05)":[243],".There":[244],"0.001)":[249],"improvement":[250],"scores":[253],"HBM":[255,305],"constructs":[256],"group.":[259],"Conclusion":[260],"Recommendations.":[262],"Providing":[263],"based":[266],"Belief":[269,293],"Model":[270,294],"improves":[271],"Hence,":[283],"governmental,":[284],"nongovernmental":[285],"organization,":[286],"health-care":[288],"provider":[289],"should":[290,303],"include":[291],"construct":[295],"into":[296,307],"existing":[297],"programs.":[300],"Moreover,":[301],"government":[302],"incorporate":[304],"theory":[306],"national":[308],"guidelines.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}