{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414101727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445406703250824134524","title":"Patterns and behaviors during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic in Germany: A natural language processing application","display_name":"Patterns and behaviors during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic in Germany: A natural language processing application","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414101727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445406703250824134524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/0118749445406703250824134524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445406703250824134524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445406703250824134524","pdf_url":"https://openpublichealthjournal.com/VOLUME/18/ELOCATOR/e18749445406703/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170533558","display_name":"The Open Public Health Journal","issn_l":"1874-9445","issn":["1874-9445"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Public Health Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://openpublichealthjournal.com/VOLUME/18/ELOCATOR/e18749445406703/PDF/","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116878287","display_name":"Chiazam Izuchukwu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39815113","display_name":"Georgia Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04agmb972","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiazam Izuchukwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA","Institute for Health Logistics and Analytics , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Health Logistics and Analytics , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068452866","display_name":"Hayden Wimmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-4531","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-4531"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39815113","display_name":"Georgia Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04agmb972","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayden Wimmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA","Institute for Health Logistics and Analytics , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Health Logistics and Analytics , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001129986","display_name":"Jessica S. Schwind","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-0182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-0182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39815113","display_name":"Georgia Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04agmb972","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Schwind","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Health Logistics and Analytics , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Health Logistics and Analytics , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018648835","display_name":"Joana Tome","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-1064","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-1064"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39815113","display_name":"Georgia Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04agmb972","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joana Tome","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA","Institute for Health Logistics and Analytics , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Health Logistics and Analytics , Georgia Southern University , Statesboro , GA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16732475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.5371000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.5371000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13979","display_name":"Communication and COVID-19 Impact","score":0.15809999406337738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.13040000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-perception","display_name":"public perception","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccination","display_name":"vaccination","score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mask-wearing","display_name":"masking","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventive-measures","display_name":"preventive measures","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-government","display_name":"public trust in government","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sentiment","display_name":"public sentiment","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-burden","display_name":"emotional burden","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic-preparedness","display_name":"pandemic preparedness","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-communication","display_name":"public health communication","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"mental health","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":0.4440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7335000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.7135999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4583103","display_name":"Preparedness","level":2,"score":0.6516000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5458999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84389358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129466","display_name":"Discourse analysis","level":2,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171686336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532085","display_name":"Topic model","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18296254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395219","display_name":"Skepticism","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166566181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8065","display_name":"Natural disaster","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992826032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17945","display_name":"Public discourse","level":3,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517642484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388514","display_name":"Intelligence analysis","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/0118749445406703250824134524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445406703250824134524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445406703250824134524","pdf_url":"https://openpublichealthjournal.com/VOLUME/18/ELOCATOR/e18749445406703/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170533558","display_name":"The Open Public Health Journal","issn_l":"1874-9445","issn":["1874-9445"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Public Health Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/0118749445406703250824134524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445406703250824134524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445406703250824134524","pdf_url":"https://openpublichealthjournal.com/VOLUME/18/ELOCATOR/e18749445406703/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170533558","display_name":"The Open Public Health Journal","issn_l":"1874-9445","issn":["1874-9445"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Public Health Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414101727.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414101727.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163803148","https://openalex.org/W2562604378","https://openalex.org/W2761561877","https://openalex.org/W2769984510","https://openalex.org/W2937627530","https://openalex.org/W2951434526","https://openalex.org/W3015657179","https://openalex.org/W3025738121","https://openalex.org/W3032935427","https://openalex.org/W3036651961","https://openalex.org/W3037163353","https://openalex.org/W3043013845","https://openalex.org/W3080274575","https://openalex.org/W3085890295","https://openalex.org/W3093292973","https://openalex.org/W3121263745","https://openalex.org/W3124166582","https://openalex.org/W3124516888","https://openalex.org/W3129318751","https://openalex.org/W3131326546","https://openalex.org/W3131482181","https://openalex.org/W3134403479","https://openalex.org/W3177253925","https://openalex.org/W3177257240","https://openalex.org/W3192594032","https://openalex.org/W3201603287","https://openalex.org/W3214815996","https://openalex.org/W4205120610","https://openalex.org/W4213009331","https://openalex.org/W4284702522","https://openalex.org/W4309004304","https://openalex.org/W4318195334","https://openalex.org/W4380849026","https://openalex.org/W4383481965","https://openalex.org/W4385298634","https://openalex.org/W4389490285","https://openalex.org/W4389570106","https://openalex.org/W4390016357","https://openalex.org/W4391033065","https://openalex.org/W4393171083","https://openalex.org/W4393171087","https://openalex.org/W4399304367","https://openalex.org/W4400352977","https://openalex.org/W4402969577","https://openalex.org/W4403197237","https://openalex.org/W4404341722","https://openalex.org/W4405638294","https://openalex.org/W4405890000"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127156785","https://openalex.org/W623947166","https://openalex.org/W3009669391","https://openalex.org/W4200329650","https://openalex.org/W4205215807","https://openalex.org/W3005417802","https://openalex.org/W4244566834","https://openalex.org/W4205754011","https://openalex.org/W4226296940","https://openalex.org/W3028835529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,29,65,161,213],"identify":[5],"the":[6,12,44,49,61,68,79,87,183,195,217],"underlying":[7],"patterns":[8],"and":[9,19,59,73,92,111,122,136,163,170,174,185,200,231],"behaviors":[10],"during":[11,204],"Coronavirus":[13],"Disease":[14],"pandemic":[15],"for":[16],"future":[17,226],"preparedness":[18],"response":[20],"strategies.":[21],"Methods":[22],"We":[23,46],"applied":[24],"natural":[25],"language":[26],"processing":[27],"techniques":[28],"interview":[30],"data":[31,50],"of":[32,43,54,105,117,197],"qualitative":[33],"nature":[34],"collected":[35],"from":[36,78,159],"40":[37],"German":[38],"participants":[39],"across":[40],"various":[41],"phases":[42],"study.":[45],"then":[47],"preprocessed":[48],"well,":[51],"getting":[52],"rid":[53],"stop":[55],"words,":[56],"tokenizing,":[57],"stemming,":[58],"lemmatizing":[60],"text,":[62],"all":[63],"done":[64],"ensure":[66],"that":[67,144,155,223],"analysis":[69,84,96,142,153,187],"would":[70],"be":[71],"meaningful":[72],"accurate.":[74],"Results":[75],"Significant":[76],"terms":[77,88],"term":[80],"frequency-inverse":[81],"document":[82],"frequency":[83],"included":[85],"noting":[86],"people,":[89],"mask,":[90],"vaccination,":[91,107,168],"vaccinated.":[93],"Latent":[94],"semantic":[95],"expressed":[97],"major":[98],"topics":[99],"in":[100,133,138,182],"phase":[101,127],"I":[102],"including":[103,167],"discussions":[104],"experiences,":[106],"government,":[108],"preventive":[109,134],"measures,":[110,135],"public":[112,123,156,205,228],"sentiment.":[113],"Phase":[114],"II":[115],"consisted":[116],"vaccination":[118,139],"efforts,":[119],"government":[120],"trust,":[121,169],"coronavirus":[124],"opinions,":[125],"whereas":[126],"III":[128],"encompassed":[129],"long-term":[130],"impacts,":[131],"trust":[132],"changes":[137],"efforts.":[140],"Sentiment":[141],"showed":[143,154,188],"negative":[145],"sentiments":[146],"are":[147],"more":[148,215],"(>":[149],"60%).":[150],"Discussion":[151],"The":[152],"concerns":[157],"moved":[158],"compliance":[160],"skepticism":[162],"identified":[164],"central":[165],"themes,":[166],"emotional":[171],"burden.":[172],"TF-IDF":[173],"LSA":[175],"shed":[176],"light":[177],"on":[178],"an":[179],"evolving":[180],"discourse":[181],"pandemic,":[184],"sentiment":[186],"a":[189,220],"pervasive":[190],"distress.":[191],"Such":[192],"insights":[193],"reinforce":[194],"importance":[196],"effective":[198],"communication":[199],"mental":[201],"health":[202,206,229],"interventions":[203],"emergencies.":[207],"Conclusions":[208],"These":[209],"findings":[210],"help":[211],"us":[212],"know":[214],"about":[216],"pandemic's":[218],"impact":[219],"decade":[221],"later":[222],"may":[224],"inform":[225],"research,":[227],"strategies,":[230],"policymaking.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
