{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414101279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70064","title":"The Prevalence of Violence Against Children in Organized Sport in Poland","display_name":"The Prevalence of Violence Against Children in Organized Sport in Poland","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414101279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/car.70064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125708707","display_name":"Child Abuse Review","issn_l":"0952-9136","issn":["0952-9136","1099-0852"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Child Abuse Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000157956","display_name":"Szymon W\u00f3jcik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3540-481X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3540-481X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Szymon W\u00f3jcik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Empowering Children Foundation  Warsaw Poland","University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3540-481X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Empowering Children Foundation  Warsaw Poland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076470337","display_name":"Natalia Organista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-7568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-7568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80810150","display_name":"J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/043k6re07","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80810150"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Organista","raw_affiliation_strings":["J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80810150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119583510","display_name":"Joanna Kopycka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna Kopycka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Empowering Children Foundation  Warsaw Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Empowering Children Foundation  Warsaw Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119583511","display_name":"Justyna Szo\u0142ajska","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justyna Szo\u0142ajska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Empowering Children Foundation  Warsaw Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Empowering Children Foundation  Warsaw Poland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000157956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3504,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8827162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.8295999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.8295999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.03999999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14342","display_name":"Military, Security, and Education Studies","score":0.030799999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organized-youth-sport","display_name":"organized youth sport","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence-of-abuse","display_name":"abuse prevalence","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-violence","display_name":"peer violence","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-abuse","display_name":"psychological violence","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-and-sexual-violence","display_name":"physical and sexual violence","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-destructive-behaviour","display_name":"self-destructive behaviour","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide-attempts","display_name":"suicide attempts","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bullying-prevention","display_name":"bullying prevention","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poland","display_name":"Poland","score":0.4490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097921","display_name":"Safeguarding","level":2,"score":0.6833999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992354236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43414","display_name":"Sexual abuse","level":4,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776892710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599867","display_name":"Youth sports","level":3,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780417328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3138174","display_name":"Verbal abuse","level":4,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780416715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2827132","display_name":"Physical abuse","level":5,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542059537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156537","display_name":"Domestic violence","level":4,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994210853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673281","display_name":"Sexual assault","level":4,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519513126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339137","display_name":"Psychological abuse","level":5,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777996642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558075","display_name":"Sexual violence","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993946119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167191","display_name":"Child abuse","level":4,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992120911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194193","display_name":"Peer relations","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/car.70064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125708707","display_name":"Child Abuse Review","issn_l":"0952-9136","issn":["0952-9136","1099-0852"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Child Abuse Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1856900447","https://openalex.org/W2024067780","https://openalex.org/W2046798047","https://openalex.org/W2063533483","https://openalex.org/W2159698974","https://openalex.org/W2797282980","https://openalex.org/W2807066755","https://openalex.org/W2931526357","https://openalex.org/W3000732067","https://openalex.org/W3007424371","https://openalex.org/W3034075969","https://openalex.org/W3101429831","https://openalex.org/W3205977272","https://openalex.org/W4236485841","https://openalex.org/W4292429158","https://openalex.org/W4296449715","https://openalex.org/W4307233260","https://openalex.org/W4384405438","https://openalex.org/W4387738405","https://openalex.org/W4388394672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967302349","https://openalex.org/W2237087163","https://openalex.org/W2915784763","https://openalex.org/W1971447942","https://openalex.org/W2029056082","https://openalex.org/W4213390688","https://openalex.org/W2260842574","https://openalex.org/W2257529021","https://openalex.org/W2042541897","https://openalex.org/W1484661188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Although":[1],"sports":[2,51,66,183],"participation":[3],"fosters":[4],"children's":[5],"well\u2010being,":[6],"it":[7],"also":[8,187],"entails":[9],"risks":[10],"of":[11,46,55,73,85,101,124,143,177],"abuse.":[12,149],"Research":[13],"has":[14],"shown":[15],"that":[16,99],"violence":[17,47,104,112],"against":[18],"child":[19],"athletes":[20],"is":[21,38],"a":[22,53],"significant":[23],"issue,":[24],"yet":[25],"data":[26],"from":[27,193],"Central":[28],"and":[29,92,137,157,180],"Eastern":[30],"Europe,":[31],"including":[32,173],"Poland,":[33],"remain":[34],"scarce.":[35],"This":[36],"study":[37],"the":[39,44,70,74,80,114,129,163,197],"first":[40],"attempt":[41],"to":[42],"assess":[43],"prevalence":[45],"in":[48,64,105,169],"Polish":[49,71,170,189],"youth":[50,171],"through":[52],"survey":[54,81],"undergraduate":[56],"students":[57],"(":[58],"n":[59],"=":[60],"693)":[61],"who":[62],"participated":[63],"organized":[65],"during":[67],"childhood.":[68],"Using":[69],"adaptation":[72],"Violence":[75],"Towards":[76],"Athletes":[77],"Questionnaire":[78],"(VTAQ),":[79],"examined":[82],"various":[83],"forms":[84],"abuse":[86,127],"perpetrated":[87],"by":[88,119,135],"peers,":[89],"coaches,":[90],"parents":[91],"other":[93],"authority":[94,120,178],"figures.":[95],"The":[96,185],"results":[97,190],"revealed":[98],"89%":[100],"respondents":[102,144],"experienced":[103],"sport":[106],"at":[107],"least":[108],"once,":[109],"with":[110,154,191],"peer":[111],"being":[113],"most":[115,130],"common":[116],"(83%).":[117],"Abuse":[118],"figures":[121,179],"affected":[122],"72%":[123],"respondents.":[125],"Psychological":[126],"was":[128,151],"prevalent":[131],"form":[132],"(78%),":[133],"followed":[134],"physical":[136],"sexual":[138],"violence.":[139],"Alarmingly,":[140],"only":[141],"29%":[142],"sought":[145],"help":[146],"after":[147],"experiencing":[148],"Victimization":[150],"significantly":[152],"associated":[153],"self\u2010destructive":[155],"behaviours":[156],"suicide":[158],"attempts.":[159],"These":[160],"findings":[161,192],"underscore":[162],"urgent":[164],"need":[165],"for":[166,182],"safeguarding":[167],"measures":[168],"sports,":[172],"bullying":[174],"prevention,":[175],"monitoring":[176],"training":[181],"personnel.":[184],"article":[186],"compares":[188],"international":[194],"studies":[195],"using":[196],"same":[198],"research":[199],"tool.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}