{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414101122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03","title":"Political Dynamics in Indonesia: A Literature Review on the Direction of Democratic Consolidation and Power Polarisation","display_name":"Political Dynamics in Indonesia: A Literature Review on the Direction of Democratic Consolidation and Power Polarisation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414101122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210218545","display_name":"Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research","issn_l":"2775-1082","issn":["2775-1082"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089501734","display_name":"Sukendar Sukendar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132488046","display_name":"Serang Raya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7sw86","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132488046"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sukendar Sukendar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Serang Raya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Serang Raya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132488046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089501734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132488046"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22434519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"374","last_page":"381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11256","display_name":"Asian Studies and History","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11256","display_name":"Asian Studies and History","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13476","display_name":"Indonesian Election Politics and Participation","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-consolidation","display_name":"democratic consolidation","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesian-politics","display_name":"Indonesian politics","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2024-general-election","display_name":"2024 general election","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joko-widodo","display_name":"Joko Widodo","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-role-in-politics","display_name":"military politics","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligarchy","display_name":"oligarchy","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centralization-of-power","display_name":"centralization of power","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-backsliding","display_name":"democratic backsliding","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuity-and-change","display_name":"continuity and change","score":0.6909999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522996594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79751","display_name":"Oligarchy","level":4,"score":0.758400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778786385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190632","display_name":"Centralisation","level":2,"score":0.6832000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777582232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013414","display_name":"CONTEST","level":2,"score":0.6693999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.666700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6488000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.6326000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.609499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5641999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781035477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543464","display_name":"Clientelism","level":4,"score":0.5579000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779111050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255876","display_name":"Democratic consolidation","level":5,"score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780093650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1673271","display_name":"Regime change","level":4,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.4307999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776662845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1482645","display_name":"Tribalism","level":3,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90508534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660049","display_name":"Political communication","level":3,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81307892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303132","display_name":"Political culture","level":3,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781046721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28108","display_name":"Political system","level":4,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82834280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32492","display_name":"Comparative politics","level":3,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59742305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076105","display_name":"General election","level":3,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778737903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182985","display_name":"Electoral system","level":4,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779207338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9240","display_name":"Indonesian","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986297989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107969678","display_name":"Power sharing","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993675096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20716634","display_name":"Indonesian government","level":3,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780688418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422933","display_name":"Elitism","level":3,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992011738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1510761","display_name":"Political change","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45184978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669262","display_name":"Primary election","level":4,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31168002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1667430","display_name":"International political economy","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210218545","display_name":"Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research","issn_l":"2775-1082","issn":["2775-1082"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11594/ijssr.06.02.03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210218545","display_name":"Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research","issn_l":"2775-1082","issn":["2775-1082"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73770081","https://openalex.org/W577560812","https://openalex.org/W2147111138","https://openalex.org/W2156710123","https://openalex.org/W2790529572","https://openalex.org/W3005585103","https://openalex.org/W3134744659","https://openalex.org/W3167703686","https://openalex.org/W3203472537","https://openalex.org/W4235256948","https://openalex.org/W4362649237","https://openalex.org/W4392465506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280799694","https://openalex.org/W2009168106","https://openalex.org/W3003321424","https://openalex.org/W2208842570","https://openalex.org/W2488922269","https://openalex.org/W1500482662","https://openalex.org/W2960521609","https://openalex.org/W1527143422","https://openalex.org/W2773435488","https://openalex.org/W631192833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57,70],"2024":[1],"general":[2],"election":[3],"marks":[4],"a":[5,31,61,74,81,115],"new":[6],"phase":[7],"in":[8,16,53,114],"Indonesian":[9],"politics,":[10],"as":[11,38],"Joko":[12],"Widodo's":[13],"two":[14],"terms":[15],"office":[17],"come":[18],"to":[19,25,35,97],"an":[20],"end.":[21],"This":[22,94],"article":[23],"aims":[24],"evaluate":[26],"post-Jokowi":[27,71],"political":[28,55,112],"dynamics":[29,110],"through":[30],"literature":[32],"review":[33],"approach":[34],"issues":[36],"such":[37],"elite":[39],"configuration,":[40],"democratic":[41,68,106],"institutionalisation,":[42],"the":[43,46,49,84,90,101,109],"role":[44],"of":[45,51,86,92,100,111],"military,":[47],"and":[48,66,78,89,108],"influence":[50],"oligarchy":[52],"Indonesia's":[54],"system.":[56],"research":[58],"findings":[59],"reveal":[60],"paradox":[62],"between":[63,76,103],"procedural":[64],"stability":[65],"substantive":[67],"regression.":[69],"transition":[72],"reveals":[73],"contest":[75],"continuity":[77],"change,":[79],"with":[80],"tendency":[82],"toward":[83],"re-strengthening":[85],"oligarchic":[87],"actors":[88,113],"centralisation":[91],"power.":[93],"study":[95],"contributes":[96],"academic":[98],"understanding":[99],"relationship":[102],"power":[104],"structures,":[105],"institutions,":[107],"democracy":[116],"that":[117],"has":[118],"not":[119],"yet":[120],"been":[121],"consolidated.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
