{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414020198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13558196251372438","title":"What determines health insurance ownership in Nepal? Findings from the Nepal multiple indicator cluster survey 2019","display_name":"What determines health insurance ownership in Nepal? Findings from the Nepal multiple indicator cluster survey 2019","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414020198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13558196251372438","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40910482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/13558196251372438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13558196251372438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13558196251372438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84175031","display_name":"Journal of Health Services Research & Policy","issn_l":"1355-8196","issn":["1355-8196","1758-1060"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health Services Research & Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029529362","display_name":"Prabhat Lamichhane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-7129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-7129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prabhat Lamichhane","raw_affiliation_strings":["La Trobe University","Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-7129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Trobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024260068","display_name":"Rajeev Banjara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0079-3535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0079-3535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110503","display_name":"SNV Netherlands Development Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/01a4v4q66","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110503"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajeev Banjara","raw_affiliation_strings":["SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Sanepa","Monitoring, Evaluation and Communication Advisor, SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0079-3535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Sanepa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monitoring, Evaluation and Communication Advisor, SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110503"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050725630","display_name":"Bishnu Prasad Dulal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-5112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-5112"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267537","display_name":"HERD International (Nepal)","ror":"https://ror.org/035syad76","country_code":"NP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267537"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bishnu Prasad Dulal","raw_affiliation_strings":["HERD International","Lead \u2013 Information System and Population Services, HERD International, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HERD International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405267537"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lead \u2013 Information System and Population Services, HERD International, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405267537"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029529362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62269106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-ownership","display_name":"health insurance ownership","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-coverage","display_name":"health insurance coverage","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determinants-of-insurance-enrollment","display_name":"determinants of insurance enrollment","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnicity","display_name":"ethnicity","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-disparities","display_name":"urban-rural disparities","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-health-coverage","display_name":"universal health coverage","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-financing","display_name":"health care financing","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nepal","display_name":"Nepal","score":0.7739999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.7285370826721191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.5690693855285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5102272033691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49871039390563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.46337950229644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.45324909687042236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4389364421367645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.4357842803001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.43175944685935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.4133760929107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983635472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334911","display_name":"Health insurance","level":3,"score":0.410753071308136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2713789939880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23525866866111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16783660650253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11295333504676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007348","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009390","descriptor_name":"Nepal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010067","descriptor_name":"Ownership","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019458","descriptor_name":"Insurance Coverage","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/13558196251372438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13558196251372438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13558196251372438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84175031","display_name":"Journal of Health Services Research & Policy","issn_l":"1355-8196","issn":["1355-8196","1758-1060"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health Services Research & Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40910482","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40910482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of health services research & policy","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.666700005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588953449","https://openalex.org/W1504518491","https://openalex.org/W1911870978","https://openalex.org/W2150308400","https://openalex.org/W2234673553","https://openalex.org/W2277364188","https://openalex.org/W2294603341","https://openalex.org/W2797129769","https://openalex.org/W2801561824","https://openalex.org/W2914494683","https://openalex.org/W2971543944","https://openalex.org/W2989956389","https://openalex.org/W3090393259","https://openalex.org/W3110712347","https://openalex.org/W3126010978","https://openalex.org/W3197240520","https://openalex.org/W3214945580","https://openalex.org/W4223518859","https://openalex.org/W4317543142","https://openalex.org/W4396763717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7207721932","https://openalex.org/W7222916888","https://openalex.org/W3214945580","https://openalex.org/W2971543944","https://openalex.org/W4400203146","https://openalex.org/W4403337850","https://openalex.org/W3154701621","https://openalex.org/W7154753502","https://openalex.org/W3090393259","https://openalex.org/W2989956389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ObjectiveIn":[0],"Nepal,":[1,212],"various":[2],"health":[3,10,27,44,118,225],"insurance":[4,11,45,56,164,184,205,207,226],"schemes":[5],"including":[6],"community-based":[7],"and":[8,23,60,92,98,104,128,151,157,172,191,196,217,240],"national":[9],"programmes":[12],"have":[13],"been":[14],"implemented":[15],"to":[16,26,52,146,188,223,229,236,246],"reduce":[17],"financial":[18],"burdens":[19],"on":[20,43,85,231],"the":[21,30,71,105,147,170,176,194,233,253],"population":[22,255],"improve":[24],"access":[25],"care,":[28],"towards":[29],"goal":[31],"of":[32,87,115,121,130,162,169,175,183,204],"Universal":[33],"Health":[34],"Coverage.":[35],"Despite":[36],"these":[37],"efforts,":[38],"there":[39],"are":[40],"limited":[41],"studies":[42],"ownership":[46,57,208],"in":[47,63,153,193,211],"Nepal.":[48],"This":[49,82],"study":[50,66,109],"aimed":[51],"determine":[53],"factors":[54],"influencing":[55],"at":[58],"individual":[59,163,177],"household":[61,171],"level":[62],"Nepal.Study":[64],"designThis":[65],"utilized":[67],"cross-sectional":[68],"data":[69,88],"from":[70,89],"Nepal":[72],"Multiple":[73],"Indicator":[74],"Cluster":[75],"Survey":[76],"2019,":[77],"a":[78],"nationally":[79],"representative":[80],"survey.":[81],"paper":[83],"reports":[84],"analysis":[86],"14,769":[90],"women":[91,122,141],"5491":[93],"men":[94,131],"aged":[95],"15-49":[96],"years":[97],"4113":[99],"households,":[100],"using":[101],"logistic":[102],"regression":[103],"Cragg":[106],"hurdle":[107],"model.ResultsThe":[108],"found":[110],"that":[111],"less":[112],"than":[113],"6%":[114],"respondents":[116],"had":[117],"insurance:":[119],"5.8%":[120],"(95%":[123],"CI":[124],"4.82":[125],"-":[126,134],"6.88)":[127],"5.1%":[129],"(95%CI:":[132],"4.5":[133],"5.8),":[135],"with":[136,142,180,201],"higher":[137,143,173],"rates":[138],"among":[139,214,252],"older":[140],"education,":[144],"belonging":[145,187],"Newar":[148],"ethnic":[149],"group,":[150],"living":[152,192],"urban":[154],"areas.":[155],"Age":[156],"education":[158,174],"were":[159,178,199],"significant":[160],"predictors":[161],"ownership.":[165],"Higher":[166],"socio-economic":[167,219,237],"status":[168,220],"associated":[179,200],"greater":[181],"likelihood":[182,203],"ownership,":[185],"while":[186],"disadvantaged":[189,215],"ethnicities":[190,216],"Sudurpaschim":[195],"Madhesh":[197],"provinces":[198],"lower":[202,250],"ownership.ConclusionHealth":[206],"is":[209,244],"low":[210,218],"particularly":[213],"households.":[221],"Efforts":[222],"increase":[224],"coverage":[227,251],"need":[228],"focus":[230],"addressing":[232],"inequities":[234],"related":[235],"status,":[238],"ethnicity,":[239],"regions.":[241],"Further":[242],"research":[243],"necessary":[245],"identify":[247],"reasons":[248],"for":[249],"specific":[254],"groups.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}