{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413920249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2025.43.4.2","title":"Development of Tensile Shear Strength Prediction Model for GMAW Welds Using Laser Vision Sensor and Gaussian Process Regression","display_name":"Development of Tensile Shear Strength Prediction Model for GMAW Welds Using Laser Vision Sensor and Gaussian Process Regression","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413920249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2025.43.4.2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5781/jwj.2025.43.4.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2025.43.4.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2025.43.4.2","pdf_url":"https://www.e-jwj.org/upload/jwj-2025-43-4-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223004","display_name":"Journal of Welding and Joining","issn_l":"1225-6153","issn":["1225-6153","2287-8955","2466-2100","2466-2232"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Welding and Joining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.e-jwj.org/upload/jwj-2025-43-4-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052604113","display_name":"Sol Mi Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5781-3967","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5781-3967"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sol Mi Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea","Flexible Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5781-3967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flexible Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101668943","display_name":"Dong-Yoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-8661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-8661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197312522","display_name":"Hyundai Motor Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kxbz959","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197312522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49946491","display_name":"Hyundai Motors (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/016kvft77","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197312522","https://openalex.org/I49946491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Yoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chassis Materials Development Team, Hyundai Motor Company, Hwaseong, 18280, Korea","Flexible Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-8661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chassis Materials Development Team, Hyundai Motor Company, Hwaseong, 18280, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197312522","https://openalex.org/I49946491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flexible Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084154224","display_name":"Jong-Kyu Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9863-8633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9863-8633"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Kyu Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance Research Team, Hwashin, Yeongcheon, 38828, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9863-8633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance Research Team, Hwashin, Yeongcheon, 38828, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daewon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9351-7142","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9351-7142"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197312522","display_name":"Hyundai Motor Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kxbz959","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197312522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49946491","display_name":"Hyundai Motors (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/016kvft77","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197312522","https://openalex.org/I49946491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daewon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chassis Materials Development Team, Hyundai Motor Company, Hwaseong, 18280, Korea","Flexible Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9351-7142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chassis Materials Development Team, Hyundai Motor Company, Hwaseong, 18280, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197312522","https://openalex.org/I49946491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flexible Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006320327","display_name":"Jiyoung Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-9497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-9497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiyoung Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flexible Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-9497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flexible Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017398519","display_name":"Seung Hwan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-3348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-3348"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seung Hwan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea","Flexible Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-3348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flexible Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006320327","https://openalex.org/A5017398519","https://openalex.org/A5052604113","https://openalex.org/A5084154224","https://openalex.org/A5101668943"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197312522","https://openalex.org/I4575257","https://openalex.org/I49946491","https://openalex.org/I89004649"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13736978,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"4","first_page":"356","last_page":"363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-metal-arc-welding","display_name":"gas metal arc welding","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-vision-sensor","display_name":"laser vision sensor","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weld-bead-profile","display_name":"weld bead profile","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process-regression","display_name":"Gaussian process regression","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weld-reinforcement","display_name":"weld reinforcement","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding-parameters","display_name":"welding parameters","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding-defects","display_name":"weld defects","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-deformation","display_name":"thermal deformation","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.5501766800880432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50916996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1765723","display_name":"Gas metal arc welding","level":4,"score":0.5460850596427917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.5154410600662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4970727264881134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.43478304147720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3310319185256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28581950068473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89344249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937468","display_name":"Laser beam welding","level":3,"score":0.2730555832386017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.23036283254623413}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5781/jwj.2025.43.4.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2025.43.4.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2025.43.4.2","pdf_url":"https://www.e-jwj.org/upload/jwj-2025-43-4-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223004","display_name":"Journal of Welding and Joining","issn_l":"1225-6153","issn":["1225-6153","2287-8955","2466-2100","2466-2232"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Welding and Joining","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5781/jwj.2025.43.4.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2025.43.4.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2025.43.4.2","pdf_url":"https://www.e-jwj.org/upload/jwj-2025-43-4-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223004","display_name":"Journal of Welding and Joining","issn_l":"1225-6153","issn":["1225-6153","2287-8955","2466-2100","2466-2232"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Welding and Joining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7971953888","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20022489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413920249.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413920249.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502922572","https://openalex.org/W1990396514","https://openalex.org/W1996220480","https://openalex.org/W2002230650","https://openalex.org/W2051903196","https://openalex.org/W2118462829","https://openalex.org/W2230754504","https://openalex.org/W2337718595","https://openalex.org/W2767165951","https://openalex.org/W2778414945","https://openalex.org/W2799456884","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W3012396151","https://openalex.org/W3037515442","https://openalex.org/W3126935955","https://openalex.org/W3155451557","https://openalex.org/W3199887599","https://openalex.org/W3208913014","https://openalex.org/W4321015774","https://openalex.org/W4366247576","https://openalex.org/W4388163537","https://openalex.org/W4403458732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379980235","https://openalex.org/W4367368271","https://openalex.org/W2564794161","https://openalex.org/W4220721606","https://openalex.org/W2018900003","https://openalex.org/W2235325205","https://openalex.org/W2385107297","https://openalex.org/W3144099965","https://openalex.org/W3211020355","https://openalex.org/W4405077434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,177],"study":[1,178],"developed":[2],"a":[3,57,101],"model":[4,67,103,122],"to":[5,38,95,116,167],"predict":[6,117],"the":[7,146,160,163,168,181],"tensile":[8,118,152,182],"shear":[9,119,153,183],"strength":[10,184],"of":[11,21,130,133,138,185],"Gas":[12],"Metal":[13],"Arc":[14],"Welding":[15],"(GMAW)":[16],"welds":[17],"using":[18],"statistical":[19],"analysis":[20],"laser":[22,58],"vision":[23,59],"sensor":[24],"profiles":[25],"and":[26,61,79,85,111,136,196],"Gaussian":[27],"Process":[28],"Regression":[29],"(GPR).":[30],"Despite":[31],"GMAW's":[32],"widespread":[33],"use,":[34],"welding":[35],"defects":[36],"due":[37],"disturbances":[39],"like":[40],"thermal":[41],"deformation":[42],"can":[43,188],"compromise":[44],"mechanical":[45],"properties.":[46],"To":[47],"address":[48],"this,":[49],"weld":[50,88,169],"bead":[51,89],"external":[52],"profile":[53],"data,":[54],"acquired":[55],"via":[56],"sensor,":[60],"process":[62,112],"variables":[63,113],"were":[64,93],"utilized":[65],"for":[66],"development.":[68],"A":[69],"cumulative":[70],"sum":[71],"(CUSUM)-based":[72],"change":[73],"point":[74,157],"detection":[75],"algorithm":[76],"extracted":[77],"top":[78],"bottom":[80,164],"plate":[81,165],"boundary":[82,166],"points":[83,92,110],"rapidly":[84],"accurately":[86,191],"from":[87,162],"profiles.":[90],"These":[91],"transformed":[94,108],"minimize":[96],"measurement":[97],"condition":[98],"influence.":[99,176],"Subsequently,":[100],"GPR":[102],"was":[104,145],"constructed,":[105],"employing":[106],"these":[107],"feature":[109,156,171],"as":[114],"inputs,":[115],"strength.":[120,154],"The":[121],"demonstrated":[123],"excellent":[124],"predictive":[125],"performance":[126],"with":[127,192],"an":[128],"R2":[129],"0.9587,":[131],"RMSE":[132],"13.9447":[134],"MPa,":[135],"MAPE":[137],"8.6958":[139],"%.":[140],"Analysis":[141],"revealed":[142],"voltage":[143],"setting":[144],"most":[147],"influential":[148],"variable":[149],"in":[150],"predicting":[151],"Transformed":[155],"coordinates,":[158],"representing":[159],"distance":[161],"reinforcement":[170],"point,":[172],"also":[173],"showed":[174],"significant":[175],"confirmed":[179],"that":[180],"GMAW":[186],"weldments":[187],"be":[189],"predicted":[190],"limited":[193],"input":[194],"data":[195],"fast":[197],"processing":[198],"time.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}