{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413848890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66163","title":"Behavior Emotion Therapy System and You: Co-Design and Evaluation of a Mental Health Chatbot and Digital Human for Mild to Moderate Anxiety in Healthy Participants","display_name":"Behavior Emotion Therapy System and You: Co-Design and Evaluation of a Mental Health Chatbot and Digital Human for Mild to Moderate Anxiety in Healthy Participants","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413848890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66163","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41166525","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12574741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/66163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234749","display_name":"JMIR Formative Research","issn_l":"2561-326X","issn":["2561-326X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Formative Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66163","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080223545","display_name":"Almira Osmanovic Thunstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-9524","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-9524"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Almira Osmanovic Thunstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg University, Journalv\u00e4gen 5, Gothenburg, 41560, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-9524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg University, Journalv\u00e4gen 5, Gothenburg, 41560, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003608131","display_name":"Lilas Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7027-4371","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7027-4371"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801112325","display_name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgqjj36","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095705","display_name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4x6777","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lilas Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatric Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7027-4371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatric Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325","https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037835275","display_name":"Hanne Krage Carlsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-9624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-9624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108685","display_name":"Centre of Registers Vastra Gotaland","ror":"https://ror.org/014d23c86","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108685"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanne Krage Carlsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Registers V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-9624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Registers V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113371774","display_name":"Maria Bohm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Bohm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107045433","display_name":"Linda Wes\u00e9n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8457-2231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8457-2231"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801112325","display_name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgqjj36","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095705","display_name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4x6777","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda Wes\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatric Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8457-2231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatric Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325","https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078096330","display_name":"Olof Wrede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-7424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-7424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095705","display_name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4x6777","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olof Wrede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crisis and Trauma Center, Regionsh\u00e4lsan, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-7424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crisis and Trauma Center, Regionsh\u00e4lsan, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067467928","display_name":"Iris Sarajli\u0107 Vukovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-1979","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-1979"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801112325","display_name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgqjj36","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095705","display_name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4x6777","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iris Sarajlic Vukovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatric Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-1979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatric Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325","https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093315113","display_name":"Andreas Hellstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7484-8632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7484-8632"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Hellstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7484-8632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029597099","display_name":"Tomas Larson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-7604","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-7604"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801112325","display_name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgqjj36","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095705","display_name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4x6777","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Larson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatric Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-7604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatric Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325","https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049315868","display_name":"Steinn Steingr\u00edmsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-5607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-5607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801112325","display_name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgqjj36","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095705","display_name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4x6777","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steinn Steingrimsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatric Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-5607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatric Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801112325","https://openalex.org/I4210095705"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080223545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":2.4114,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88061148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"e66163","last_page":"e66163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-chatbots","display_name":"mental health chatbots","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-humans","display_name":"virtual humans","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-design","display_name":"co-design","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-help","display_name":"self-help","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-preferences","display_name":"user preferences","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-concerns","display_name":"privacy concerns","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety-screening","display_name":"anxiety screening","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthy-volunteers","display_name":"healthy volunteers","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-mental-health","display_name":"digital mental health","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.845403254032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43169469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580922","display_name":"Preprint","level":2,"score":0.8032644987106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.755452573299408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.6817588210105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5637331008911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.383067786693573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.30453914403915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.25415629148483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17173796892166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15465354919433594}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001521","descriptor_name":"Behavior Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064368","descriptor_name":"Healthy Volunteers","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2196/66163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234749","display_name":"JMIR Formative Research","issn_l":"2561-326X","issn":["2561-326X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Formative Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2196/preprints.66163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.66163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/preprints.66163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11384212","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12574741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41166525","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41166525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR formative research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12574741","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12574741/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Form Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:549024","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/549024","pdf_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/publication/549024/file/549024_Fulltext.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09a74d3bfa15473aa0e2c0e475d4f756","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09a74d3bfa15473aa0e2c0e475d4f756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Formative Research, Vol 9, Pp e66163-e66163 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/66163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234749","display_name":"JMIR Formative Research","issn_l":"2561-326X","issn":["2561-326X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Formative Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309605","display_name":"V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4x6777"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313796","display_name":"Innovationsfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/00daj4111"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325235","display_name":"Stiftelsen Psykiatriska Forskningsfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/04pvadd23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413848890.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413848890.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498415254","https://openalex.org/W2606636926","https://openalex.org/W2922711788","https://openalex.org/W2939803556","https://openalex.org/W2964309167","https://openalex.org/W3007384022","https://openalex.org/W3036236864","https://openalex.org/W3037803689","https://openalex.org/W3043403225","https://openalex.org/W3112103703","https://openalex.org/W3126618083","https://openalex.org/W3127653769","https://openalex.org/W3127685069","https://openalex.org/W3129181761","https://openalex.org/W3139433464","https://openalex.org/W3187133801","https://openalex.org/W3193833525","https://openalex.org/W3200386096","https://openalex.org/W4224209975","https://openalex.org/W4252608096","https://openalex.org/W4289539209","https://openalex.org/W4321351832","https://openalex.org/W4378225452","https://openalex.org/W4386942730","https://openalex.org/W4387191968","https://openalex.org/W4388503650","https://openalex.org/W4388565177","https://openalex.org/W4390984317","https://openalex.org/W4391916763","https://openalex.org/W4392137802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402322324","https://openalex.org/W7154000947","https://openalex.org/W4283389518","https://openalex.org/W7131828448","https://openalex.org/W7117876269","https://openalex.org/W3048834885","https://openalex.org/W7204324650","https://openalex.org/W4384923078","https://openalex.org/W4392898179","https://openalex.org/W7163784681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Co-design":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3,35,57,67,122,147,154,170,175,179,200,268,276],"collaborative":[4],"approach":[5,69],"involving":[6,60],"end":[7],"users,":[8],"stakeholders,":[9],"and":[10,25,32,39,53,107,121,144,178,185,210,214,228,267],"designers":[11],"in":[12,104,162],"creating":[13],"digital":[14,40,124,216],"tools":[15],"for":[16,42,83,156,169,188,203,222,239,260,279,288],"health":[17,37,105,108,158,280,291],"care.":[18],"This":[19,48],"study":[20,49,65],"focuses":[21],"on":[22,90,95,181],"the":[23,91,99,114,186,197],"co-design":[24,58,234],"evaluation":[26],"of":[27,101,137,271,290],"Behavior,":[28],"Emotion,":[29],"Therapy":[30],"System,":[31],"You":[33],"(BETSY),":[34],"mental":[36,157],"chatbot":[38,120,155,173],"human":[41,125,217],"mild":[43,224],"to":[44,51,152,207,225],"moderate":[45,226],"anxiety.":[46],"Objective:":[47],"aims":[50],"develop":[52],"evaluate":[54],"BETSY":[55,220],"through":[56,80],"process":[59,93,235],"potential":[61,150,246,274],"users.":[62],"Methods:":[63],"The":[64,233],"used":[66],"mixed-methods":[68],"across":[70],"3":[71,112],"phases.":[72],"Phase":[73,87,111],"1":[74],"involved":[75],"recruiting":[76],"87":[77],"volunteer":[78],"participants":[79,138],"social":[81],"media":[82],"initial":[84],"end-user":[85,96],"requirements.":[86],"2":[88,115,164],"focused":[89],"design":[92],"based":[94],"requirements":[97],"using":[98],"expertise":[100],"10":[102],"stakeholders":[103],"care":[106,281,292],"service":[109],"user.":[110],"evaluated":[113],"prototyped":[116],"interfaces":[117],"(a":[118],"text-only":[119,213],"voice-activated":[123,215],"chatbot)":[126],"with":[127,142,174],"45":[128],"healthy":[129],"volunteers.":[130],"Results:":[131],"For":[132],"phase":[133,163,195],"1,":[134],"61%":[135],"(n=51)":[136],"had":[139],"previous":[140],"experience":[141],"chatbots":[143],"86%":[145],"expressed":[146],"willingness":[148,151],"or":[149],"use":[153],"support.":[159],"Thematic":[160],"analysis":[161],"revealed":[165],"key":[166],"user":[167],"preferences":[168],"personalized,":[171],"nonjudgmental":[172],"clear":[176,189],"identity":[177],"focus":[180],"empathy.":[182],"Privacy":[183],"concerns":[184],"need":[187],"interaction":[190],"guidelines":[191],"were":[192],"highlighted.":[193],"In":[194],"3,":[196],"users":[198,218,243],"showed":[199],"strong":[201],"preference":[202],"discussing":[204],"anxiety":[205,227],"related":[206],"work,":[208],"relationships,":[209],"health.":[211],"Both":[212],"considered":[219],"valuable":[221,237],"managing":[223],"providing":[229],"self-help":[230],"exercises.":[231,272],"Conclusions:":[232],"yielded":[236],"insights":[238],"developing":[240],"BETSY.":[241],"While":[242],"recognized":[244],"its":[245,286],"as":[247,275],"an":[248],"accessible":[249],"first":[250],"step":[251],"before":[252],"seeking":[253],"professional":[254],"help,":[255],"they":[256],"also":[257],"identified":[258],"areas":[259],"improvement,":[261],"including":[262],"more":[263],"nuanced":[264],"conversation":[265],"capabilities":[266],"broader":[269],"range":[270],"BETSY's":[273],"screening":[277],"tool":[278],"was":[282],"consistently":[283],"acknowledged,":[284],"suggesting":[285],"capability":[287],"alleviation":[289],"system":[293],"burdens.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-08-30T00:00:00"}