{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413832754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12090302","title":"The Use of Biosorbents in Water Treatment","display_name":"The Use of Biosorbents in Water Treatment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413832754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12090302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/environments12090302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12090302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12090302","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/12/9/302/pdf?version=1756456758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187256","display_name":"Environments","issn_l":"2076-3298","issn":["2076-3298"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/12/9/302/pdf?version=1756456758","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119477254","display_name":"Mothusi Molebatsi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157273133","display_name":"University of Botswana","ror":"https://ror.org/01encsj80","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119422","display_name":"Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7rjb68","country_code":"BW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119422"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mothusi Molebatsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone P/Bag 0029, Botswana","Nanomaterials Division, Department of Natural Resources and Materials, Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone P/Bag 0082, Botswana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone P/Bag 0029, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanomaterials Division, Department of Natural Resources and Materials, Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone P/Bag 0082, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041853614","display_name":"Bonang B. M. Nkoane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157273133","display_name":"University of Botswana","ror":"https://ror.org/01encsj80","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bonang Nkoane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone P/Bag 0029, Botswana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone P/Bag 0029, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033940953","display_name":"Ngonye Keroletswe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5052-0037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5052-0037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119422","display_name":"Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7rjb68","country_code":"BW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119422"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngonye Keroletswe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanomaterials Division, Department of Natural Resources and Materials, Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone P/Bag 0082, Botswana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanomaterials Division, Department of Natural Resources and Materials, Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone P/Bag 0082, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003800211","display_name":"Samuel Chigome","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-8467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-8467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119422","display_name":"Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7rjb68","country_code":"BW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119422"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Chigome","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanomaterials Division, Department of Natural Resources and Materials, Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone P/Bag 0082, Botswana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanomaterials Division, Department of Natural Resources and Materials, Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone P/Bag 0082, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023452968","display_name":"Moses T. Kabomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-2425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-2425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157273133","display_name":"University of Botswana","ror":"https://ror.org/01encsj80","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moses Tlhabologo Kabomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone P/Bag 0029, Botswana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-2425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone P/Bag 0029, Botswana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119477254"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157273133","https://openalex.org/I4210119422"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"fwci":7.9379,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98510035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"302","last_page":"302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12078","display_name":"Environmental remediation with nanomaterials","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosorbent","display_name":"biosorbent","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosorption","display_name":"biosorption","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-treatment","display_name":"water treatment","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-removal","display_name":"heavy metal removal","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dye-removal","display_name":"dye removal","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-removal","display_name":"pharmaceutical removal","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-derived-adsorbents","display_name":"biomass-derived adsorbents","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-groups","display_name":"functional groups","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosorbent-regeneration","display_name":"biosorbent regeneration","score":0.8019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.423324853181839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.33571934700012207}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/environments12090302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12090302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12090302","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/12/9/302/pdf?version=1756456758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187256","display_name":"Environments","issn_l":"2076-3298","issn":["2076-3298"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/environments12090302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12090302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12090302","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/12/9/302/pdf?version=1756456758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187256","display_name":"Environments","issn_l":"2076-3298","issn":["2076-3298"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.9090999960899353,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G567979780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DCIPANAF/2020/420\u2010028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413832754.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413832754.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W564975932","https://openalex.org/W825352399","https://openalex.org/W1980190222","https://openalex.org/W1984953206","https://openalex.org/W1986113254","https://openalex.org/W1987265651","https://openalex.org/W2000077379","https://openalex.org/W2025631496","https://openalex.org/W2031382370","https://openalex.org/W2031421388","https://openalex.org/W2040152771","https://openalex.org/W2045476129","https://openalex.org/W2047001677","https://openalex.org/W2066472188","https://openalex.org/W2082232502","https://openalex.org/W2094472980","https://openalex.org/W2111583794","https://openalex.org/W2121274745","https://openalex.org/W2138822174","https://openalex.org/W2145933536","https://openalex.org/W2219329912","https://openalex.org/W2500296133","https://openalex.org/W2507405931","https://openalex.org/W2576329833","https://openalex.org/W2586492065","https://openalex.org/W2743235861","https://openalex.org/W2749455767","https://openalex.org/W2800083052","https://openalex.org/W2889062657","https://openalex.org/W2895756430","https://openalex.org/W2897664906","https://openalex.org/W2911102648","https://openalex.org/W2932056300","https://openalex.org/W2944592180","https://openalex.org/W2954574020","https://openalex.org/W2955586580","https://openalex.org/W2972392891","https://openalex.org/W2986659176","https://openalex.org/W2990112085","https://openalex.org/W2990765382","https://openalex.org/W2995929108","https://openalex.org/W2997358996","https://openalex.org/W3001095470","https://openalex.org/W3005975132","https://openalex.org/W3017354329","https://openalex.org/W3025642442","https://openalex.org/W3030674479","https://openalex.org/W3079287513","https://openalex.org/W3082400748","https://openalex.org/W3091419044","https://openalex.org/W3108352756","https://openalex.org/W3108665729","https://openalex.org/W3120300942","https://openalex.org/W3122746609","https://openalex.org/W3130717550","https://openalex.org/W3157443876","https://openalex.org/W3161164993","https://openalex.org/W3161994917","https://openalex.org/W3165667879","https://openalex.org/W3178159473","https://openalex.org/W3180338909","https://openalex.org/W3184193256","https://openalex.org/W3185527101","https://openalex.org/W3191550393","https://openalex.org/W3196352119","https://openalex.org/W3201856512","https://openalex.org/W3204843738","https://openalex.org/W4205427343","https://openalex.org/W4205447219","https://openalex.org/W4211191997","https://openalex.org/W4220792619","https://openalex.org/W4223611566","https://openalex.org/W4281630077","https://openalex.org/W4281717497","https://openalex.org/W4294234153","https://openalex.org/W4296195799","https://openalex.org/W4297537164","https://openalex.org/W4321437820","https://openalex.org/W4367059613","https://openalex.org/W4368363688","https://openalex.org/W4378530803","https://openalex.org/W4382239071","https://openalex.org/W4385304374","https://openalex.org/W4385354237","https://openalex.org/W4385416040","https://openalex.org/W4387018506","https://openalex.org/W4387610330","https://openalex.org/W4388077715","https://openalex.org/W4388590982","https://openalex.org/W4389050586","https://openalex.org/W4390741801","https://openalex.org/W4391756019","https://openalex.org/W4400084871","https://openalex.org/W4400455877","https://openalex.org/W4401430566","https://openalex.org/W4402850000","https://openalex.org/W4403483981","https://openalex.org/W4403734652","https://openalex.org/W4406997820","https://openalex.org/W4408905233","https://openalex.org/W4411218368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2078814861","https://openalex.org/W2527526854","https://openalex.org/W1976181487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biosorbents":[0],"are":[1],"materials":[2],"of":[3,58,75,79,85,94,121,127],"biological":[4],"origin":[5],"(microbial,":[6],"biomass-derived":[7],"waste,":[8],"or":[9,15],"industrial":[10],"by-products)":[11],"used":[12,21],"to":[13,22,36],"adsorb":[14],"absorb":[16],"pollutants.":[17,129],"They":[18],"have":[19],"been":[20],"remove":[23],"various":[24,56],"contaminants,":[25],"including":[26,45,119],"heavy":[27],"metals,":[28],"dyes,":[29],"and":[30,49,62,73,81,106,116],"pharmaceuticals.":[31],"Their":[32],"effectiveness":[33],"is":[34],"due":[35],"the":[37,55,82,92,98,111,125],"different":[38],"functional":[39],"groups":[40],"that":[41],"interact":[42],"with":[43,97],"pollutants,":[44,76],"hydroxyl,":[46],"amino,":[47],"carboxyl,":[48],"phosphate":[50],"groups.":[51],"This":[52],"review":[53,90,112],"explores":[54],"kinds":[57],"biosorbents":[59,123],"(classification),":[60],"mechanisms,":[61],"factors":[63],"influencing":[64],"biosorption,":[65],"such":[66,101],"as":[67,102],"biomass":[68],"content,":[69],"time,":[70],"temperature,":[71],"pH,":[72],"concentration":[74],"synthesis":[77],"methods":[78],"biosorbents,":[80,95],"current":[83],"state":[84],"research":[86,114],"on":[87],"biosorbents.":[88],"The":[89],"highlights":[91],"advantages":[93],"along":[96],"challenges":[99],"encountered,":[100],"difficulty":[103],"in":[104,108],"regeneration":[105],"variability":[107],"performance.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"identifies":[113],"gaps":[115],"future":[117],"directions,":[118],"exploration":[120],"modified/synthetic":[122],"for":[124],"removal":[126],"multi-component":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}