{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413829807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708251365077","title":"Remaining anonymous? The offline side of darknet drug vending","display_name":"Remaining anonymous? The offline side of darknet drug vending","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413829807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708251365077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14773708251365077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708251365077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708251365077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161173318","display_name":"European Journal of Criminology","issn_l":"1477-3708","issn":["1477-3708","1741-2609"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708251365077","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057329005","display_name":"Thomas Joyce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2166-8711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2166-8711","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-3331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193700539","display_name":"Tilburg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b8v1s79","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Joyce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tilburg University","Tilburg University, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2166-8711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tilburg University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tilburg University, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022724863","display_name":"Maria Jofre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-4668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-4668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103320735","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Jofre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-4668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057329005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"fwci":4.428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94923729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"541","last_page":"570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery","display_name":"drug delivery","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routine-activity-theory","display_name":"routine activity theory","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"anonymity","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postal-delivery","display_name":"mail delivery","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-opportunity","display_name":"criminal opportunity","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-law-enforcement","display_name":"drug enforcement","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/darknet-markets","display_name":"darknet markets","score":0.3179999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5445038676261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4416182041168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.39258790016174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3277055025100708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/14773708251365077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708251365077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708251365077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161173318","display_name":"European Journal of Criminology","issn_l":"1477-3708","issn":["1477-3708","1741-2609"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tilburguniversity.edu:openaire/52a805dc-cf15-4d8f-8683-a9b1ececf4c4","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/52a805dc-cf15-4d8f-8683-a9b1ececf4c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401490","display_name":"Research portal (Tilburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193700539","host_organization_name":"Tilburg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Joyce, T & Jofre, M 2025, 'Remaining anonymous? The offline side of darknet drug vending', European Journal of Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708251365077","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14773708251365077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708251365077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708251365077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161173318","display_name":"European Journal of Criminology","issn_l":"1477-3708","issn":["1477-3708","1741-2609"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104951152","https://openalex.org/W131493662","https://openalex.org/W136556427","https://openalex.org/W1524014344","https://openalex.org/W1571188373","https://openalex.org/W1604667637","https://openalex.org/W1925690900","https://openalex.org/W1974961651","https://openalex.org/W1993173329","https://openalex.org/W2005525566","https://openalex.org/W2024919586","https://openalex.org/W2050686093","https://openalex.org/W2105540168","https://openalex.org/W2121377134","https://openalex.org/W2122201185","https://openalex.org/W2129846155","https://openalex.org/W2152416372","https://openalex.org/W2154762557","https://openalex.org/W2159958634","https://openalex.org/W2165415611","https://openalex.org/W2282632211","https://openalex.org/W2326061888","https://openalex.org/W2341903612","https://openalex.org/W2345504771","https://openalex.org/W2346325164","https://openalex.org/W2346659646","https://openalex.org/W2416363344","https://openalex.org/W2443488742","https://openalex.org/W2506872958","https://openalex.org/W2507674152","https://openalex.org/W2543482174","https://openalex.org/W2559492380","https://openalex.org/W2579234806","https://openalex.org/W2589897633","https://openalex.org/W2603815119","https://openalex.org/W2618962933","https://openalex.org/W2620692324","https://openalex.org/W2678283066","https://openalex.org/W2738067371","https://openalex.org/W2754011869","https://openalex.org/W2764308304","https://openalex.org/W2765290347","https://openalex.org/W2775125783","https://openalex.org/W2776134400","https://openalex.org/W2783143124","https://openalex.org/W2786210296","https://openalex.org/W2789318589","https://openalex.org/W2790872405","https://openalex.org/W2796312514","https://openalex.org/W2801354948","https://openalex.org/W2803020732","https://openalex.org/W2904228646","https://openalex.org/W2912507414","https://openalex.org/W2937161414","https://openalex.org/W2939670804","https://openalex.org/W2942695052","https://openalex.org/W2946034623","https://openalex.org/W2988211627","https://openalex.org/W3002994783","https://openalex.org/W3007463967","https://openalex.org/W3092237919","https://openalex.org/W3125176454","https://openalex.org/W3171114110","https://openalex.org/W3211091309","https://openalex.org/W3215737750","https://openalex.org/W4214809904","https://openalex.org/W4230525572","https://openalex.org/W4249855545","https://openalex.org/W4312080540","https://openalex.org/W4366689926","https://openalex.org/W4377226763","https://openalex.org/W4383552536","https://openalex.org/W4387872236","https://openalex.org/W4400310051","https://openalex.org/W4407964043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Darknet":[0],"drug":[1,93,148],"vending":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,19],"hybrid":[5],"crime.":[6],"Although":[7],"many":[8],"activities":[9],"occur":[10],"online,":[11],"the":[12,22,25,37,42,80,88,113,117,139],"delivery":[13,121],"of":[14,82,91,96,115,125,129,142],"drugs":[15],"to":[16,24,48,70,138],"buyers":[17],"requires":[18],"shift":[20],"from":[21,62],"digital":[23],"physical":[26],"realm.":[27],"This":[28,58],"transition":[29],"could":[30],"be":[31],"considered":[32],"risky":[33],"for":[34,51,106,120,131,146],"vendors;":[35],"while":[36],"online":[38],"side":[39,44,90],"provides":[40,101],"anonymity,":[41],"offline":[43,89,143],"may":[45,110],"expose":[46],"vendors":[47,149],"increased":[49],"opportunity":[50],"monitoring,":[52],"evidence":[53],"gathering":[54],"and":[55,66,122,152],"potential":[56],"enforcement.":[57],"research":[59],"examines":[60],"data":[61],"80":[63],"arrest":[64],"cases":[65],"279":[67],"news":[68],"reports":[69],"study":[71],"these":[72],"dynamics.":[73],"The":[74],"results,":[75],"which":[76],"are":[77,134],"analysed":[78],"under":[79],"framework":[81],"routine":[83],"activity":[84],"theory,":[85],"reveal":[86],"that":[87],"darknet":[92,147],"vending,":[94],"short":[95],"being":[97],"entirely":[98],"risky,":[99],"actually":[100],"some":[102],"interesting":[103],"criminal":[104,144],"opportunities":[105,145],"vendors,":[107],"as":[108],"they":[109],"capitalise":[111],"on":[112],"advantages":[114],"using":[116],"postal":[118],"service":[119],"operating":[123],"out":[124],"an":[126],"enclosed":[127],"base":[128],"operations":[130],"management.":[132],"Remarks":[133],"made":[135],"in":[136,150],"reference":[137],"wider":[140],"implications":[141],"Europe":[151],"beyond.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}