{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413822822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn65249.2025.11134024","title":"BL-DKF: A Robust IoT Sensor Data Anomaly Detection Method","display_name":"BL-DKF: A Robust IoT Sensor Data Anomaly Detection Method","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413822822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn65249.2025.11134024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccn65249.2025.11134024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn65249.2025.11134024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn65249.2025.11134024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191573","display_name":"International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)","issn_l":"1095-2055","issn":["1095-2055","2637-9430"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 34th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007843009","display_name":"Sakib Shahriar Shafin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-5017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-5017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149672521","display_name":"Federation University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbzwv83","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sakib Shahriar Shafin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Sustainability Federation University Australia,Institute of Innovation,Ballarat,VIC,Australia,3350"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Sustainability Federation University Australia,Institute of Innovation,Ballarat,VIC,Australia,3350","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030839425","display_name":"Gour Karmakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1308-7315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1308-7315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149672521","display_name":"Federation University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbzwv83","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gour Karmakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Sustainability Federation University Australia,Institute of Innovation,Ballarat,VIC,Australia,3350"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Sustainability Federation University Australia,Institute of Innovation,Ballarat,VIC,Australia,3350","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017329457","display_name":"Iven Mareels","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9832-5959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9832-5959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149672521","display_name":"Federation University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbzwv83","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iven Mareels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Sustainability Federation University Australia,Institute of Innovation,Ballarat,VIC,Australia,3350"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Sustainability Federation University Australia,Institute of Innovation,Ballarat,VIC,Australia,3350","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076600793","display_name":"Ramachandra Rao Kolluri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-4430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-4430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120068","display_name":"IBM Research - Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/027r3nx49","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210120068"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramachandra Rao Kolluri","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Australia Pty Ltd,IBM Consulting"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Australia Pty Ltd,IBM Consulting","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210120068"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.8848000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.8848000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.07270000129938126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.02329999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-drift","display_name":"data drift","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-lstm","display_name":"bidirectional LSTM","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-data-injection-attacks","display_name":"false data injection attacks","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fault-detection","display_name":"sensor fault detection","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-noise","display_name":"sensor noise","score":0.3089999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.69232577085495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6044456362724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5978177189826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4341025948524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4181329905986786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27200376987457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.18631777167320251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1352597177028656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07355737686157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccn65249.2025.11134024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn65249.2025.11134024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn65249.2025.11134024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191573","display_name":"International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)","issn_l":"1095-2055","issn":["1095-2055","2637-9430"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 34th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124202837","https://openalex.org/W2917670471","https://openalex.org/W2938863654","https://openalex.org/W2979411934","https://openalex.org/W2982693506","https://openalex.org/W2983192835","https://openalex.org/W2996385232","https://openalex.org/W3093955010","https://openalex.org/W3094441388","https://openalex.org/W3198591403","https://openalex.org/W4221102693","https://openalex.org/W4313216104","https://openalex.org/W4379514871","https://openalex.org/W4387397194","https://openalex.org/W4387806925","https://openalex.org/W4388125360","https://openalex.org/W4388562572","https://openalex.org/W4400079677","https://openalex.org/W4401726558","https://openalex.org/W4406348772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410394971","https://openalex.org/W3017556446","https://openalex.org/W3202490297","https://openalex.org/W4391889465","https://openalex.org/W4281251279","https://openalex.org/W4387397194","https://openalex.org/W4405633882","https://openalex.org/W4414198799","https://openalex.org/W3027679662","https://openalex.org/W4417129779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,45,82,85,158,182,198],"deployment":[2],"of":[3,84,223],"Internet-of-Things":[4],"(IoT)":[5],"devices":[6],"in":[7,63,73,100,181,247],"intelligent":[8],"systems":[9],"from":[10,201],"smart":[11,14],"health":[12],"to":[13,33,52,97,116,163,174,238],"city":[15],"expands,":[16],"ensuring":[17],"sensor":[18,27,59,195],"data":[19,28,30,39,50,69,132,141,199],"reliability":[20],"is":[21,127],"critical":[22],"for":[23,47,134],"accurate":[24],"decision-making.":[25],"Individual":[26],"suffer":[29],"drift":[31],"due":[32],"unwanted":[34],"noises,":[35],"faults":[36],"and":[37,102,139,213],"false":[38],"injections":[40],"during":[41],"deployment,":[42],"which":[43,185],"paves":[44],"way":[46,96],"exploiting":[48],"inter-sensor":[49,131,240],"correlation":[51,70,133,152,161],"improve":[53],"anomaly":[54,111,215],"detection.":[55],"Studies":[56],"suggest":[57],"that":[58,129,208],"readings":[60],"are":[61,172],"correlated":[62],"many":[64,248],"applications.":[65,104],"Existing":[66],"methods":[67,219],"employ":[68],"among":[71],"sensors":[72],"pre-processing":[74],"steps":[75],"but":[76],"do":[77],"not":[78],"integrate":[79],"it":[80],"into":[81,242],"bedrock":[83],"Kalman":[86],"Filter":[87],"(KF)":[88],"state":[89],"transitions.":[90],"Such":[91],"integration":[92],"will":[93],"provide":[94],"a":[95,108,175],"detect":[98],"anomalies":[99,159],"dynamic":[101,124],"complex":[103],"This":[105],"paper":[106],"proposes":[107],"novel,":[109],"two-stage":[110],"detection":[112,225],"system":[113,233],"named":[114],"BL-DKF":[115,191,209],"tackle":[117],"these":[118],"challenges.":[119],"First,":[120],"an":[121,221,235],"innovative":[122],"2D":[123],"KF":[125],"(DKF)":[126],"introduced":[128],"incorporates":[130],"adaptive":[135],"estimation":[136],"through":[137],"noise":[138],"fault/false":[140],"injections.":[142],"DKF":[143,171],"dynamically":[144],"adjusts":[145],"its":[146,155,245],"process":[147],"covariance":[148],"matrix":[149],"by":[150,170],"analyzing":[151],"deviations,":[153],"reducing":[154],"influence":[156],"when":[157],"cause":[160],"drops":[162],"emphasize":[164],"internal":[165],"predictions.":[166],"The":[167,231],"estimates":[168],"produced":[169],"fed":[173],"compact":[176],"Bidirectional":[177],"LSTM":[178],"(BL)":[179],"model":[180],"second":[183],"stage,":[184],"analyzes":[186],"anomalous":[187],"patterns.":[188],"We":[189],"evaluate":[190],"on":[192],"two":[193],"real-world":[194],"datasets,":[196],"including":[197],"collected":[200],"our":[202],"IoT":[203],"lab":[204],"testbed.":[205],"Results":[206],"demonstrate":[207],"robustly":[210],"detects":[211],"nonlinear":[212],"physical":[214],"injections,":[216],"outperforming":[217],"existing":[218],"with":[220],"average":[222],"9.36%":[224],"accuracy":[226],"improvement":[227],"across":[228],"four":[229],"experiments.":[230],"proposed":[232],"presents":[234],"analytical":[236],"solution":[237],"embed":[239],"correlations":[241],"KF,":[243],"advancing":[244],"effectiveness":[246],"application":[249],"domains.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}