{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413803598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1671000","title":"Study on pyrolysis characteristics of oil-rich coal under in-situ conditions and industrial-scale extraction simulation","display_name":"Study on pyrolysis characteristics of oil-rich coal under in-situ conditions and industrial-scale extraction simulation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413803598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1671000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feart.2025.1671000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1671000","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1671000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595152256","display_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","issn_l":"2296-6463","issn":["2296-6463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1671000","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiao Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108136984","display_name":"Ying Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-0060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-0060"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032308489","display_name":"Youwu Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youwu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116130597","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-6600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-6600"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110584967","display_name":"Xiaodan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4196-5751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4196-5751"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078797115","display_name":"Jingyao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4174-2011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4174-2011","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-7766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jingyun Cui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyun Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qing Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107074051","display_name":"Siqi Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2029-024X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2029-024X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Gas & Power Group, Research & Development Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNOOC Key Laboratory of Liquefied Natural Gas and Low-carbon Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053521420","display_name":"Zhiqin Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5764-6043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5764-6043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ZhiQin Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15113573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11284","display_name":"Coal Properties and Utilization","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11284","display_name":"Coal Properties and Utilization","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13094","display_name":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14428","display_name":"Coal and Coke Industries Research","score":0.022199999541044235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-situ-pyrolysis","display_name":"in-situ pyrolysis","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis-product-distribution","display_name":"pyrolysis product distribution","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane-yield","display_name":"methane yield","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-oil-recovery","display_name":"light oil recovery","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis-kinetics","display_name":"pyrolysis kinetics","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.8662723302841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.7091092467308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37447750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185662","display_name":"Dry distillation","level":4,"score":0.5222516655921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.5009481906890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.49797630310058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.48727095127105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4805903434753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4603630602359772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.45687758922576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3995073139667511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3650512099266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3241727352142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.21510767936706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2089693248271942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154877778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630655","display_name":"Carbonization","level":3,"score":0.16708561778068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.12310594320297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.12023034691810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11767116189002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/feart.2025.1671000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1671000","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1671000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595152256","display_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","issn_l":"2296-6463","issn":["2296-6463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:19372d06ac42413ebc6e5402ee51cc89","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/19372d06ac42413ebc6e5402ee51cc89","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol 13 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feart.2025.1671000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1671000","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1671000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595152256","display_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","issn_l":"2296-6463","issn":["2296-6463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2263417649","https://openalex.org/W2573379103","https://openalex.org/W2771904144","https://openalex.org/W2809435397","https://openalex.org/W2887794901","https://openalex.org/W2929239469","https://openalex.org/W2957424530","https://openalex.org/W2987415114","https://openalex.org/W3024651139","https://openalex.org/W3097032339","https://openalex.org/W3157573545","https://openalex.org/W4281955129","https://openalex.org/W4285891041","https://openalex.org/W4294676237","https://openalex.org/W4319963391","https://openalex.org/W4361207788","https://openalex.org/W4375953485","https://openalex.org/W4379377264","https://openalex.org/W4386308204","https://openalex.org/W4388702221","https://openalex.org/W4392179237","https://openalex.org/W4393083050","https://openalex.org/W4395954978","https://openalex.org/W4396569426","https://openalex.org/W4396855987","https://openalex.org/W4399314081","https://openalex.org/W4402315410","https://openalex.org/W4403658938","https://openalex.org/W4404211516","https://openalex.org/W4404794208","https://openalex.org/W4405130882","https://openalex.org/W4405380917","https://openalex.org/W4406320335","https://openalex.org/W4407229623","https://openalex.org/W4408903792","https://openalex.org/W4409099139","https://openalex.org/W6904268649","https://openalex.org/W6922886973","https://openalex.org/W6960587707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W109522438","https://openalex.org/W2049726307","https://openalex.org/W4253980813","https://openalex.org/W80044618","https://openalex.org/W2075168976","https://openalex.org/W1967639101","https://openalex.org/W2066387266","https://openalex.org/W2999199701","https://openalex.org/W2052383577","https://openalex.org/W2363869072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"In-situ":[1],"pyrolysis":[2,40,43,87,113,136,159,204,245],"technology":[3],"for":[4,23,184,238,251],"oil-rich":[5,70,117,133,198,242],"coal":[6,71,118,134,199,243],"represents":[7],"a":[8,58,83],"low-carbon":[9],"resource":[10],"development":[11],"strategy":[12],"characterized":[13],"by":[14],"\u2018hydrogen":[15],"extraction":[16,253],"and":[17,31,41,49,97,111,144,246,257],"carbon":[18,194],"retention,\u2019":[19],"holding":[20],"significant":[21],"importance":[22],"advancing":[24],"the":[25,53,74,90,93,116,127,158,164,182,193,197,203,239,252],"efficient":[26],"exploitation":[27],"of":[28,46,55,102,108,132,157,177,192,220,230,241,254],"coal-based":[29],"oil":[30,187,212,256],"gas":[32,166,224,258],"resources.":[33],"However,":[34],"substantial":[35],"differences":[36],"exist":[37],"between":[38],"in-situ":[39,103,135,244],"conventional":[42],"in":[44,61,79],"terms":[45],"conversion":[47],"efficiency":[48],"product":[50,156],"composition,":[51],"making":[52],"control":[54],"operating":[56],"conditions":[57],"critical":[59],"challenge":[60],"this":[62],"field.":[63],"Methods":[64],"This":[65,232],"study":[66,233],"utilized":[67],"large-sized":[68],"block":[69],"samples":[72],"from":[73,115],"Xie":[75],"Gou":[76],"mining":[77],"area":[78],"Shanxi":[80],"Province.":[81],"Employing":[82],"self-developed,":[84],"fully":[85],"enclosed":[86],"experimental":[88,128],"system,":[89],"research":[91],"simulated":[92],"high-temperature,":[94],"high-pressure,":[95],"slow-heating-rate,":[96],"long-duration":[98],"reaction":[99,160,205],"environment":[100],"typical":[101],"pyrolysis.":[104],"The":[105,146,153,174,190],"distribution":[106],"patterns":[107],"gaseous,":[109],"liquid,":[110],"solid":[112],"products":[114],"under":[119],"varying":[120],"temperatures":[121],"were":[122,137],"systematically":[123],"investigated.":[124],"Building":[125],"upon":[126],"results,":[129],"industrial-scale":[130],"simulations":[131],"conducted":[138],"using":[139],"COMSOL":[140],"Multiphysics":[141],"software.":[142],"Results":[143],"Discussion":[145],"key":[147],"findings":[148],"are":[149],"as":[150,170,202],"follows:":[151],"(1)":[152],"primary":[154],"gaseous":[155],"is":[161,214],"CH4,":[162],"with":[163],"total":[165],"yield":[167],"increasing":[168],"significantly":[169],"temperature":[171,175],"rises;":[172],"(2)":[173],"window":[176],"450":[178],"\u00b0C\u2013550":[179],"\u00b0C":[180],"offers":[181],"potential":[183,250],"maximizing":[185],"light":[186],"recovery;":[188],"(3)":[189],"stability":[191],"skeleton":[195],"within":[196,216],"enhances":[200],"progressively":[201],"proceeds;":[206],"(4)":[207],"For":[208],"industrial":[209],"application,":[210],"optimal":[211,223],"production":[213,225],"achieved":[215],"approximately":[217],"500":[218],"days":[219,229],"heating,":[221],"while":[222],"occurs":[226],"around":[227],"1900":[228],"heating.":[231],"provides":[234],"crucial":[235],"theoretical":[236],"support":[237],"industrialization":[240],"demonstrates":[247],"considerable":[248],"application":[249],"high-value":[255],"fuels.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
