{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413764754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01521e","title":"Biomaterials and stem cells targeting the microenvironment for traumatic brain injury repair: progress and prospects","display_name":"Biomaterials and stem cells targeting the microenvironment for traumatic brain injury repair: progress and prospects","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413764754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01521e","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40859730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/d4bm01521e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01521e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01521e","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/bm/d4bm01521e","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2494179437","display_name":"Biomaterials Science","issn_l":"2047-4830","issn":["2047-4830","2047-4849"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomaterials Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/bm/d4bm01521e","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114158978","display_name":"Yating Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5855-9652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5855-9652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yating Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5855-9652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113117636","display_name":"Zhijian Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160344","display_name":"Tongji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xy45965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijian Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102161870","display_name":"Zitao Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zitao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160344","display_name":"Tongji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xy45965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052880029","display_name":"Jie Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-818X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-818X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160344","display_name":"Tongji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xy45965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004213653","display_name":"Shengwen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-5884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-5884"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160344","display_name":"Tongji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xy45965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengwen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-5884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445196","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-4964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-4964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160344","display_name":"Tongji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xy45965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100445196"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344","https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8197,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93152799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"19","first_page":"5278","last_page":"5296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10483","display_name":"Nerve injury and regeneration","score":0.022700000554323196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.017899999395012856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomaterials","display_name":"biomaterials","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-cell-therapy","display_name":"stem cell therapy","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-matrix-mimics","display_name":"extracellular matrix mimics","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogels","display_name":"hydrogels","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofibrous-scaffolds","display_name":"nanofibrous scaffolds","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-scar","display_name":"glial scar","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-injury","display_name":"secondary injury","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exosomes","display_name":"exosomes","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angiogenesis","display_name":"angiogenesis","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-remodeling","display_name":"synaptic remodeling","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nerve-growth-factor","display_name":"nerve growth factor","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor","display_name":"brain-derived neurotrophic factor","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-drug-delivery","display_name":"anti-inflammatory drug delivery","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-editing","display_name":"genome editing","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoxia","display_name":"hypoxia","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nerve-regeneration","display_name":"nerve regeneration","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526","display_name":"Traumatic brain injury","level":2,"score":0.8087882995605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28328180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196","display_name":"Stem cell","level":2,"score":0.4922248423099518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4297848343849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.3394964933395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33811938762664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.29262906312942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.07615867257118225}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000070642","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries, Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000070642","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries, Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001672","descriptor_name":"Biocompatible Materials","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001672","descriptor_name":"Biocompatible Materials","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013234","descriptor_name":"Stem Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013234","descriptor_name":"Stem Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020100","descriptor_name":"Hydrogels","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033581","descriptor_name":"Stem Cell Transplantation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054457","descriptor_name":"Tissue Scaffolds","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1039/d4bm01521e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01521e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01521e","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/bm/d4bm01521e","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2494179437","display_name":"Biomaterials Science","issn_l":"2047-4830","issn":["2047-4830","2047-4849"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomaterials Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40859730","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40859730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomaterials science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/d4bm01521e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01521e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01521e","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/bm/d4bm01521e","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2494179437","display_name":"Biomaterials Science","issn_l":"2047-4830","issn":["2047-4830","2047-4849"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomaterials Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413764754.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413764754.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484924488","https://openalex.org/W1878888606","https://openalex.org/W1899468091","https://openalex.org/W1973442433","https://openalex.org/W1973559709","https://openalex.org/W1988354171","https://openalex.org/W1994123191","https://openalex.org/W2002620928","https://openalex.org/W2008556668","https://openalex.org/W2011580597","https://openalex.org/W2017071950","https://openalex.org/W2031492146","https://openalex.org/W2048644480","https://openalex.org/W2054724790","https://openalex.org/W2070429530","https://openalex.org/W2082410334","https://openalex.org/W2085835811","https://openalex.org/W2090218725","https://openalex.org/W2111073651","https://openalex.org/W2121147886","https://openalex.org/W2121444878","https://openalex.org/W2145482910","https://openalex.org/W2151777259","https://openalex.org/W2171208693","https://openalex.org/W2183976835","https://openalex.org/W2322000951","https://openalex.org/W2470979441","https://openalex.org/W2506955896","https://openalex.org/W2512953699","https://openalex.org/W2516078455","https://openalex.org/W2520018422","https://openalex.org/W2588170345","https://openalex.org/W2588861526","https://openalex.org/W2591892665","https://openalex.org/W2595085771","https://openalex.org/W2608533759","https://openalex.org/W2743674345","https://openalex.org/W2751992247","https://openalex.org/W2754967293","https://openalex.org/W2786608785","https://openalex.org/W2801625478","https://openalex.org/W2805787553","https://openalex.org/W2883751442","https://openalex.org/W2895430781","https://openalex.org/W2905930064","https://openalex.org/W2918541981","https://openalex.org/W2936404743","https://openalex.org/W2941686342","https://openalex.org/W2941845783","https://openalex.org/W2947017084","https://openalex.org/W2950437819","https://openalex.org/W2956294126","https://openalex.org/W2970376067","https://openalex.org/W2973092117","https://openalex.org/W2981117165","https://openalex.org/W2996967282","https://openalex.org/W3006629407","https://openalex.org/W3032195143","https://openalex.org/W3036447201","https://openalex.org/W3048910908","https://openalex.org/W3089369228","https://openalex.org/W3090128660","https://openalex.org/W3091577496","https://openalex.org/W3095197022","https://openalex.org/W3097054009","https://openalex.org/W3103637503","https://openalex.org/W3104247495","https://openalex.org/W3113909613","https://openalex.org/W3125838552","https://openalex.org/W3134942318","https://openalex.org/W3146378732","https://openalex.org/W3157614398","https://openalex.org/W3174438722","https://openalex.org/W3208417325","https://openalex.org/W3208936345","https://openalex.org/W3212186332","https://openalex.org/W3216013386","https://openalex.org/W3217028211","https://openalex.org/W4200029686","https://openalex.org/W4200388579","https://openalex.org/W4210710630","https://openalex.org/W4221074884","https://openalex.org/W4221088008","https://openalex.org/W4282924876","https://openalex.org/W4283592236","https://openalex.org/W4285402383","https://openalex.org/W4286374931","https://openalex.org/W4292466587","https://openalex.org/W4297497829","https://openalex.org/W4307303101","https://openalex.org/W4311185603","https://openalex.org/W4312220817","https://openalex.org/W4315499036","https://openalex.org/W4319973498","https://openalex.org/W4321163713","https://openalex.org/W4353094503","https://openalex.org/W4364378147","https://openalex.org/W4376133173","https://openalex.org/W4381988718","https://openalex.org/W4386993278","https://openalex.org/W4387025495","https://openalex.org/W4387440004","https://openalex.org/W4387777247","https://openalex.org/W4388770441","https://openalex.org/W4388850978","https://openalex.org/W4390265220","https://openalex.org/W4390668208","https://openalex.org/W4391973315","https://openalex.org/W4392348953","https://openalex.org/W4393095370","https://openalex.org/W4394612219","https://openalex.org/W4394679471","https://openalex.org/W4394926526","https://openalex.org/W4394929412","https://openalex.org/W4396778003","https://openalex.org/W4398231751","https://openalex.org/W4399887547","https://openalex.org/W4400578829","https://openalex.org/W4402263178","https://openalex.org/W4402298066","https://openalex.org/W4402543789","https://openalex.org/W4402870503","https://openalex.org/W4406867309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410175990","https://openalex.org/W7154123181","https://openalex.org/W4390411502","https://openalex.org/W4297860077","https://openalex.org/W4407775338","https://openalex.org/W4319788078","https://openalex.org/W4410577708","https://openalex.org/W3100334884","https://openalex.org/W2990612771","https://openalex.org/W4390112702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traumatic":[0],"brain":[1],"injury":[2,29],"(TBI)":[3],"disrupts":[4],"neural":[5,118],"pathways,":[6],"leading":[7],"to":[8,66,205],"sensory,":[9],"motor,":[10],"and":[11,30,45,58,74,104,112,128,134,180,191],"autonomic":[12],"dysfunctions,":[13],"with":[14,139,177],"no":[15],"fully":[16],"restorative":[17],"therapies":[18,93],"currently":[19],"available.":[20],"The":[21],"pathophysiology":[22],"of":[23,110,147,155,166],"TBI":[24,207],"involves":[25],"two":[26],"phases:":[27],"primary":[28],"secondary":[31,167],"injury.":[32,168],"These":[33,194],"stages":[34],"are":[35],"characterized":[36],"by":[37,187],"dynamic":[38,189],"alterations":[39],"in":[40,85,162],"cellular":[41],"death,":[42],"glial":[43,76],"activation,":[44],"inflammatory":[46,72],"cytokine":[47,129],"profiles,":[48],"collectively":[49],"establishing":[50],"a":[51],"regeneration-inhibitory":[52],"microenvironment.":[53],"Biomaterials,":[54],"such":[55,142],"as":[56,143],"hydrogels":[57],"nanofiber":[59],"scaffolds,":[60],"mimic":[61],"the":[62,88,163,183],"extracellular":[63],"matrix":[64],"(ECM)":[65],"provide":[67,197],"structural":[68],"support,":[69],"modulate":[70],"local":[71],"responses,":[73],"degrade":[75],"scar":[77],"components.":[78],"However,":[79],"standalone":[80],"biomaterial":[81],"applications":[82],"face":[83],"limitations":[84],"dynamically":[86],"addressing":[87],"multifaceted":[89],"pathological":[90],"progression.":[91],"Combinatorial":[92],"integrating":[94],"stem":[95,100,124,152],"cells":[96,101,125],"overcome":[97],"these":[98],"constraints:":[99],"promote":[102],"angiogenesis":[103],"synaptic":[105],"remodeling":[106],"through":[107],"paracrine":[108],"secretion":[109],"exosomes":[111],"cytokines,":[113,181],"while":[114],"differentiating":[115],"into":[116,200],"functional":[117],"cells.":[119],"Concurrently,":[120],"biomaterials":[121,176],"shield":[122],"transplanted":[123],"from":[126],"hypoxia":[127],"toxicity,":[130],"enhancing":[131],"their":[132],"viability":[133],"differentiation":[135],"efficiency.":[136],"Further":[137],"combination":[138],"targeted":[140],"strategies,":[141],"functionalized":[144],"material":[145],"delivery":[146],"anti-inflammatory":[148],"drugs,":[149],"gene":[150],"editing":[151],"cell":[153],"overexpression":[154],"nerve":[156],"growth":[157],"factor":[158],"BDNF,":[159],"precisely":[160],"intervenes":[161],"key":[164],"pathways":[165],"This":[169],"review":[170],"systematically":[171],"summarizes":[172],"synergistic":[173],"approaches":[174],"combining":[175],"cells,":[178],"pharmaceuticals,":[179],"emphasizing":[182],"critical":[184],"roles":[185],"played":[186],"spatiotemporal":[188],"regulation":[190],"personalized":[192],"design.":[193],"integrated":[195],"strategies":[196],"novel":[198],"insights":[199],"developing":[201],"multidimensional":[202],"therapeutic":[203],"frameworks":[204],"address":[206],"repair":[208],"challenges.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
