{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413735728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872","title":"New dimensions of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combination therapy in cancer treatment: current advances and future perspectives","display_name":"New dimensions of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combination therapy in cancer treatment: current advances and future perspectives","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413735728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40936907","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12420611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101514946","display_name":"Tong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-3392","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-3392"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou,\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou,\u00a0China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101758302","display_name":"Yue Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-4607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-4607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114539943","display_name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04epb4p87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang,\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang,\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031848218","display_name":"Renzhao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-9887","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-9887"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097783","display_name":"Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00trnhw76","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097783"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renzhao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,\u00a0China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,\u00a0China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031848218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097783"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":1.5189,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83299082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1616872","last_page":"1616872"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11297","display_name":"Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pd-1-pd-l1-inhibitors","display_name":"PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors","display_name":"immune checkpoint inhibitors","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-immunotherapy","display_name":"cancer immunotherapy","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-chinese-medicine","display_name":"traditional Chinese medicine","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-chemotherapy","display_name":"combination chemotherapy","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-inhibitor-resistance","display_name":"immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-events","display_name":"adverse events","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synergistic-mechanism","display_name":"synergistic mechanism","score":0.8370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781053074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21100639","display_name":"PD-L1","level":4,"score":0.5909458994865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983331546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer therapy","level":3,"score":0.5486725568771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.514861524105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019816032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2575340","display_name":"Cancer treatment","level":3,"score":0.5120025277137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5070548057556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.48086172342300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.4001339077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.34998321533203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.25495582818984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1291624903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000082082","descriptor_name":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000082082","descriptor_name":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000971","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003131","descriptor_name":"Combined Modality Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008516","descriptor_name":"Medicine, Chinese Traditional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060890","descriptor_name":"B7-H1 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061026","descriptor_name":"Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40936907","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40936907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12420611","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12420611/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3371717a8b264eecb89e658a3661406b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3371717a8b264eecb89e658a3661406b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 16 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616872/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413735728.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413735728.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":114,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1913780655","https://openalex.org/W1914776013","https://openalex.org/W1916602633","https://openalex.org/W2039123767","https://openalex.org/W2066671159","https://openalex.org/W2085247907","https://openalex.org/W2087482409","https://openalex.org/W2168631000","https://openalex.org/W2418354692","https://openalex.org/W2506616866","https://openalex.org/W2513922839","https://openalex.org/W2560704457","https://openalex.org/W2573369749","https://openalex.org/W2597613988","https://openalex.org/W2618557910","https://openalex.org/W2749408522","https://openalex.org/W2765314233","https://openalex.org/W2766673799","https://openalex.org/W2785803176","https://openalex.org/W2804812017","https://openalex.org/W2894584497","https://openalex.org/W2896600825","https://openalex.org/W2903485407","https://openalex.org/W2913818218","https://openalex.org/W2914505559","https://openalex.org/W2916451481","https://openalex.org/W2934385020","https://openalex.org/W2940759533","https://openalex.org/W2942467666","https://openalex.org/W2944687997","https://openalex.org/W2946386783","https://openalex.org/W2965224887","https://openalex.org/W2976744492","https://openalex.org/W2981443129","https://openalex.org/W2984599876","https://openalex.org/W2987812036","https://openalex.org/W2990398119","https://openalex.org/W2990898449","https://openalex.org/W2999613850","https://openalex.org/W3002973089","https://openalex.org/W3014234415","https://openalex.org/W3015755028","https://openalex.org/W3018611800","https://openalex.org/W3019068209","https://openalex.org/W3021968904","https://openalex.org/W3022341722","https://openalex.org/W3027845041","https://openalex.org/W3039398777","https://openalex.org/W3049030434","https://openalex.org/W3081262846","https://openalex.org/W3082721395","https://openalex.org/W3084241168","https://openalex.org/W3087466624","https://openalex.org/W3090413519","https://openalex.org/W3092655777","https://openalex.org/W3110002524","https://openalex.org/W3122627530","https://openalex.org/W3123341232","https://openalex.org/W3124047768","https://openalex.org/W3135523592","https://openalex.org/W3136328381","https://openalex.org/W3139854802","https://openalex.org/W3140601899","https://openalex.org/W3156148127","https://openalex.org/W3159504492","https://openalex.org/W3162194652","https://openalex.org/W3174213510","https://openalex.org/W3177071586","https://openalex.org/W3178536629","https://openalex.org/W3184734893","https://openalex.org/W3189379297","https://openalex.org/W3195514909","https://openalex.org/W3197498721","https://openalex.org/W3203575974","https://openalex.org/W3204445415","https://openalex.org/W3207485310","https://openalex.org/W3217080572","https://openalex.org/W3217126890","https://openalex.org/W4205345745","https://openalex.org/W4205460569","https://openalex.org/W4220775653","https://openalex.org/W4223532386","https://openalex.org/W4225093777","https://openalex.org/W4280554695","https://openalex.org/W4283261841","https://openalex.org/W4285005886","https://openalex.org/W4292114091","https://openalex.org/W4311664786","https://openalex.org/W4319068412","https://openalex.org/W4319322229","https://openalex.org/W4323860403","https://openalex.org/W4377157437","https://openalex.org/W4382726175","https://openalex.org/W4383736362","https://openalex.org/W4385060969","https://openalex.org/W4386127543","https://openalex.org/W4386209462","https://openalex.org/W4386224979","https://openalex.org/W4386993786","https://openalex.org/W4389986291","https://openalex.org/W4391133951","https://openalex.org/W4391241688","https://openalex.org/W4392237443","https://openalex.org/W4392381074","https://openalex.org/W4399323204","https://openalex.org/W4399799093","https://openalex.org/W4399872749","https://openalex.org/W4400098014","https://openalex.org/W4401519600","https://openalex.org/W4403990984","https://openalex.org/W4404063342","https://openalex.org/W4404066529","https://openalex.org/W4409326751","https://openalex.org/W4409671202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380992921","https://openalex.org/W7125981233","https://openalex.org/W3137491344","https://openalex.org/W2975608733","https://openalex.org/W2995846969","https://openalex.org/W3162847356","https://openalex.org/W3212402614","https://openalex.org/W7172354004","https://openalex.org/W4293000834","https://openalex.org/W3024340066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,241],"treatment":[1,153,208,270],"of":[2,6,37,104,120,135,196,209,228,263],"tumors":[3,155],"remains":[4,131,193],"one":[5],"the":[7,23,31,46,206,225,260,268],"most":[8],"challenging":[9],"issues":[10],"in":[11,82,165,238,267],"modern":[12],"medicine.":[13],"For":[14],"a":[15,41,132,194],"long":[16],"time,":[17],"surgical":[18],"intervention":[19],"and":[20,53,63,138,213,249],"radiochemotherapy":[21],"were":[22],"primary":[24],"methods":[25],"employed":[26],"to":[27,51,60,127,157,160,202,244,259],"combat":[28],"tumors;":[29],"however,":[30,191],"therapeutic":[32],"outcomes":[33],"often":[34],"fell":[35],"short":[36],"expectations.":[38],"Immunotherapy":[39],"offers":[40],"promising":[42],"alternative":[43],"by":[44],"enhancing":[45],"patient's":[47],"immune":[48,86,163,214],"system's":[49],"ability":[50],"recognize":[52],"eliminate":[54],"tumor":[55,83],"cells":[56,62],"while":[57,253],"minimizing":[58],"damage":[59],"normal":[61],"tissues.":[64],"This":[65,219],"advancement":[66],"has":[67,79],"brought":[68],"new":[69,186],"hope":[70],"for":[71,154,182,188,217,272,282],"cancer":[72,189,239],"patients.":[73,166],"In":[74],"recent":[75,222],"years,":[76],"significant":[77,261],"progress":[78],"been":[80],"made":[81],"immunotherapy":[84],"with":[85,173,231],"checkpoint":[87,215],"inhibitors":[88,113,175,216,230],"(ICIs),":[89],"particularly":[90],"Programmed":[91],"Cell":[92,96],"Death":[93],"Protein-1":[94],"(PD-1)/Programmed":[95],"Death-Ligand":[97],"1":[98],"(PD-L1)":[99],"inhibitors.":[100],"An":[101],"increasing":[102],"number":[103],"researchers":[105],"have":[106],"discovered":[107],"that":[108,170],"combination":[109],"therapy":[110],"involving":[111],"PD-1/PD-L1":[112,174,229],"alongside":[114],"chemotherapeutic":[115,232],"agents":[116],"or":[117,236],"other":[118,234],"types":[119],"ICIs":[121],"yields":[122],"more":[123],"pronounced":[124],"effects":[125],"compared":[126],"monotherapy.":[128],"Nevertheless,":[129],"there":[130,192],"considerable":[133],"risk":[134],"developing":[136],"resistance":[137],"experiencing":[139],"various":[140],"adverse":[141],"events.":[142],"Traditional":[143],"Chinese":[144,211,265],"medicine":[145,212,266],"(TCM)":[146],"is":[147,243],"frequently":[148],"utilized":[149],"as":[150],"an":[151],"adjunctive":[152],"due":[156],"its":[158],"potential":[159],"enhance":[161],"overall":[162],"function":[164],"Recent":[167],"studies":[168,201],"indicate":[169],"combining":[171],"TCM":[172,237],"can":[176],"significantly":[177],"improve":[178],"median":[179],"survival":[180],"times":[181],"patients,":[183],"undoubtedly":[184],"providing":[185],"directions":[187],"treatment,":[190],"lack":[195],"sufficient":[197],"large-sample":[198],"prospective":[199],"controlled":[200],"provide":[203],"evidence":[204],"supporting":[205],"combined":[207,226,269],"traditional":[210,264],"tumors.":[218,273],"study":[220],"summarizes":[221],"research":[223,276,284],"on":[224],"use":[227],"drugs,":[233],"ICIs,":[235],"therapy.":[240],"aim":[242],"explore":[245],"their":[246],"synergistic":[247],"mechanisms":[248],"clinical":[250],"application":[251],"value":[252,262],"drawing":[254],"greater":[255],"attention":[256],"from":[257],"scholars":[258],"strategies":[271],"Additionally,":[274],"this":[275],"provides":[277],"insights":[278],"into":[279],"future":[280],"prospects":[281],"anti-tumor":[283],"within":[285],"TCM.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}