{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413645688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219","title":"Fiber quality at dehairing and characterization of skin follicle parameters in Peruvian Q\u2019ara llamas","display_name":"Fiber quality at dehairing and characterization of skin follicle parameters in Peruvian Q\u2019ara llamas","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413645688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/animal-science/articles/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230110","display_name":"Frontiers in Animal Science","issn_l":"2673-6225","issn":["2673-6225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/animal-science/articles/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062021610","display_name":"Virgilio Machaca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-6024","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-6024"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130342779","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac","ror":"https://ror.org/013m3my89","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130342779"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Virgilio Machaca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130342779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028255469","display_name":"Rub\u00e9n Pinares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-7736","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-7736"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132302805","display_name":"National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco","ror":"https://ror.org/03gsd6w61","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132302805"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rub\u00e9n Pinares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Profesional de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Sicuani, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Profesional de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Sicuani, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132302805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088707023","display_name":"Franklin Lozano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-9226","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-9226"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130342779","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac","ror":"https://ror.org/013m3my89","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130342779"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franklin Lozano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Acad\u00e9mico Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Acad\u00e9mico Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130342779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033807740","display_name":"Arturo Quispe\u2010Quispe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-1025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-1025"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130342779","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac","ror":"https://ror.org/013m3my89","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130342779"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arturo Quispe-Quispe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Acad\u00e9mico Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Acad\u00e9mico Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130342779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099075824","display_name":"Alex D. Machaca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8603-7577","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8603-7577"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130342779","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac","ror":"https://ror.org/013m3my89","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130342779"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex D. Machaca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Acad\u00e9mico Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica y Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Acad\u00e9mico Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica y Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac, Abancay, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130342779"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076458471","display_name":"V\u00edctor Bustinza Choque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4112-8812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4112-8812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136524","display_name":"Universidad Nacional del Altiplano","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqcyw85","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136524"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. V\u00edctor Bustinza Choque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136524"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028255469","https://openalex.org/A5062021610"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130342779","https://openalex.org/I3132302805"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":0.2223,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34505389,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11595","display_name":"Textile materials and evaluations","score":0.5708000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11595","display_name":"Textile materials and evaluations","score":0.5708000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.3208000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11511","display_name":"Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-quality","display_name":"fiber quality","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard-hair","display_name":"guard hair","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-diameter","display_name":"fiber diameter","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comfort-factor","display_name":"comfort factor","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-curvature","display_name":"fiber curvature","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-effects","display_name":"age effects","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-site","display_name":"body site","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-biopsy","display_name":"skin biopsy","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-follicles","display_name":"secondary follicles","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-follicles","display_name":"primary follicles","score":0.8629999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.5802793502807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102570824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147807","display_name":"Follicle","level":2,"score":0.4890631139278412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.41817963123321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2722506821155548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.24276426434516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22405162453651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.19822674989700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.09427976608276367}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/animal-science/articles/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230110","display_name":"Frontiers in Animal Science","issn_l":"2673-6225","issn":["2673-6225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:null:20.500.14195/1494","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14195/1494","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.unamba.edu.pe/bitstreams/54d7745a-f7d7-47a9-9d8c-5cab878e9093/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"instacron:UNAMBA","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:efea174fa343423b9e6cd37c872e5974","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/efea174fa343423b9e6cd37c872e5974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Animal Science, Vol 6 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/animal-science/articles/10.3389/fanim.2025.1628219/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230110","display_name":"Frontiers in Animal Science","issn_l":"2673-6225","issn":["2673-6225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413645688.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413645688.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1871265370","https://openalex.org/W1988033935","https://openalex.org/W1989272455","https://openalex.org/W1997471468","https://openalex.org/W2009453931","https://openalex.org/W2022893712","https://openalex.org/W2032304888","https://openalex.org/W2061783867","https://openalex.org/W2078777199","https://openalex.org/W2112228163","https://openalex.org/W2142352359","https://openalex.org/W2439499439","https://openalex.org/W3023565837","https://openalex.org/W3087805676","https://openalex.org/W3110626276","https://openalex.org/W3152955459","https://openalex.org/W3204457914","https://openalex.org/W4206917143","https://openalex.org/W4362524338","https://openalex.org/W4367294699","https://openalex.org/W4368232293","https://openalex.org/W4379981773","https://openalex.org/W4385197046","https://openalex.org/W4385638497","https://openalex.org/W4386997900","https://openalex.org/W4389349857","https://openalex.org/W4401324158","https://openalex.org/W4411519757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405824679","https://openalex.org/W7131991818","https://openalex.org/W2061783867","https://openalex.org/W4408456253","https://openalex.org/W753605380","https://openalex.org/W2600750223","https://openalex.org/W1988033935","https://openalex.org/W1967546802","https://openalex.org/W4362524338","https://openalex.org/W6999139826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Although":[1],"Q\u2019ara":[2,33,80,326],"llama":[3],"fleece":[4],"was":[5,43,94,126,182,251,267,285,301],"previously":[6],"believed":[7],"to":[8,44,52,120,128,158,278],"lack":[9],"quality":[10,47,195,319],"attributes,":[11],"the":[12,38,73,109,163,171,198,204,213,362],"down":[13,103,112,334],"fiber":[14,46,68,92,117,131,141,194,219,259,265,271,289,312,318,335,355],"obtained":[15],"during":[16],"first":[17],"shearing":[18],"is":[19,25,323],"of":[20,40,66,78,100,136,206,339,364],"high":[21],"quality.":[22,313,350],"However,":[23,242,282,342],"little":[24],"known":[26],"about":[27],"skin":[28,54,243,321],"follicle":[29,55,160,224,232,244,274,280,292,296,299,306,330,358],"parameters":[30,56],"in":[31,247],"Peruvian":[32],"llamas.":[34,249],"In":[35],"this":[36,41],"context,":[37],"objective":[39],"research":[42],"compare":[45],"after":[48],"manual":[49],"dehairing":[50,191],"and":[51,61,76,88,105,111,140,162,170,188,203,218,230,239,261,276,294,320,332,345,357],"characterize":[53],"by":[57,196,200,208,216,221],"body":[58,240,343],"site,":[59],"age,":[60],"sex.":[62,89],"Methods":[63],"A":[64],"total":[65,273,291],"240":[67,101],"samples":[69],"were":[70,114,145,235],"collected":[71,146],"from":[72,147],"shoulders,":[74],"mid-side,":[75],"rump":[77],"80":[79],"llamas,":[81],"taking":[82],"into":[83],"account":[84],"their":[85],"age":[86],"category":[87],"Each":[90],"unprocessed":[91,110],"sample":[93],"manually":[95],"dehaired,":[96],"yielding":[97],"two":[98],"subsamples":[99],"each:":[102],"fibers":[104,113],"guard":[106],"hairs.":[107],"Only":[108],"used":[115,127],"for":[116,361],"measurements.":[118],"According":[119],"IWTO-47":[121],"standards,":[122],"an":[123,154],"OFDA":[124],"2000":[125],"measure":[129],"mean":[130,258],"diameter,":[132],"standard":[133],"deviation,":[134],"coefficient":[135,205],"variation,":[137],"comfort":[138,214,262,283],"factor,":[139],"curvature.":[142],"Skin":[143],"biopsies":[144],"65":[148],"llamas":[149,327],"under":[150],"local":[151],"anesthesia":[152],"using":[153],"8":[155],"mm":[156],"punch":[157],"analyze":[159],"densities":[161],"secondary-to-primary":[164,231,295,305],"ratio.":[165,281,297],"We":[166],"performed":[167],"Type":[168],"I":[169],"Tukey":[172],"test":[173],"(\u03b1":[174],"=":[175],"0.05)":[176],"on":[177],"transformed":[178],"data.":[179],"Spearman\u2019s":[180],"correlation":[181,255],"applied":[183],"without":[184],"data":[185],"transformation.":[186],"Results":[187],"discussion":[189],"Manual":[190],"improved":[192],"textile":[193],"reducing":[197],"diameter":[199,260,266,338,356],"1.91":[201],"\u00b5m":[202],"variation":[207],"3.05%.":[209],"It":[210],"also":[211],"increased":[212],"factor":[215,284,316],"4.79%":[217],"curvature":[220],"3.49\u00b0/mm.":[222],"Secondary":[223],"density":[225,245,300,331,359],"(16.80":[226],"follicles":[227,322],"per":[228],"mm2)":[229],"ratio":[233,307],"(6.28)":[234],"similar":[236],"across":[237],"sex":[238,346],"site.":[241],"decreased":[246],"older":[248],"There":[250],"a":[252,337],"strong":[253],"negative":[254],"(-0.82)":[256],"between":[257,354],"factor.":[263],"Mean":[264],"negatively":[268],"correlated":[269,287],"with":[270,288,304,336],"curvature,":[272,290],"density,":[275,293],"secondary":[277],"primary":[279],"positively":[286,302],"Total":[298],"associated":[303],"(0.52).":[308],"Conclusion":[309],"Dehairing":[310],"improves":[311],"The":[314,351],"main":[315],"affecting":[317],"age.":[324],"Young":[325],"have":[328],"higher":[329],"produce":[333],"22.61":[340],"\u00b5m.":[341],"site":[344],"do":[347],"not":[348],"influence":[349],"favorable":[352],"relationship":[353],"allows":[360],"selection":[363],"high-quality":[365],"fiber.":[366]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}