{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413612129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.69710/ljp.v2i1.15057","title":"Binding Energy Across Classical Black Holes: A Horizon-Based Thermodynamic Approach","display_name":"Binding Energy Across Classical Black Holes: A Horizon-Based Thermodynamic Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413612129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.69710/ljp.v2i1.15057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.69710/ljp.v2i1.15057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.69710/ljp.v2i1.15057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.69710/ljp.v2i1.15057","pdf_url":"https://londonjphysics.org/index.php/ljp/article/download/15057/11233","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404661734","display_name":"London journal of physics.","issn_l":"3049-8066","issn":["3049-8066"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"London Journal of Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://londonjphysics.org/index.php/ljp/article/download/15057/11233","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025266266","display_name":"Joseph Olloh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-1671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-1671"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Olloh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kaduna State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaduna State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025266266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.06430000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-thermodynamics","display_name":"black hole thermodynamics","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-horizon","display_name":"event horizon","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-gravity","display_name":"surface gravity","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kerr-newman-black-hole","display_name":"Kerr-Newman black hole","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotating-black-holes","display_name":"rotating black holes","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reissner-nordstrom-black-hole","display_name":"Reissner-Nordstr\u00f6m black hole","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schwarzschild-black-hole","display_name":"Schwarzschild black hole","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremal-black-holes","display_name":"extremal black holes","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysical-jets","display_name":"astrophysical jets","score":0.9789999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8367091417312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115304011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72755","display_name":"Schwarzschild radius","level":3,"score":0.8314286470413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148292158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181741","display_name":"Event horizon","level":3,"score":0.8168051242828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183915046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316152","display_name":"Charged black hole","level":4,"score":0.7068147659301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82422596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1094364","display_name":"Rotating black hole","level":3,"score":0.6266283392906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.6129702925682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17777063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4780925","display_name":"Apparent horizon","level":4,"score":0.5407052636146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144951741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131468","display_name":"White hole","level":3,"score":0.5396324396133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.5302075147628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159176650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43261","display_name":"Horizon","level":2,"score":0.5092920064926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78945939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3646316","display_name":"Nonsingular black hole models","level":5,"score":0.49287939071655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.475326806306839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.4714691936969757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45634927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616172","display_name":"Penrose process","level":5,"score":0.4690589904785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32602459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913879","display_name":"Binary black hole","level":3,"score":0.4620809555053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22492302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297853","display_name":"Gravitational energy","level":3,"score":0.46121537685394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118396296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329273","display_name":"Gravitational collapse","level":2,"score":0.37132877111434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.27276456356048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.10994544625282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155675718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161254","display_name":"Angular momentum","level":2,"score":0.10793197154998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.06749814748764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.69710/ljp.v2i1.15057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.69710/ljp.v2i1.15057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.69710/ljp.v2i1.15057","pdf_url":"https://londonjphysics.org/index.php/ljp/article/download/15057/11233","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404661734","display_name":"London journal of physics.","issn_l":"3049-8066","issn":["3049-8066"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"London Journal of Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.69710/ljp.v2i1.15057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.69710/ljp.v2i1.15057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.69710/ljp.v2i1.15057","pdf_url":"https://londonjphysics.org/index.php/ljp/article/download/15057/11233","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404661734","display_name":"London journal of physics.","issn_l":"3049-8066","issn":["3049-8066"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"London Journal of Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413612129.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413612129.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3098231238","https://openalex.org/W1672854929","https://openalex.org/W7125697386","https://openalex.org/W2739171502","https://openalex.org/W3031379909","https://openalex.org/W1654548363","https://openalex.org/W7214918455","https://openalex.org/W3022128379","https://openalex.org/W1826016408","https://openalex.org/W2284755210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,83],"present":[1],"analytic":[2],"expressions":[3],"for":[4,66,87],"the":[5,48,61,67,76],"dimensional":[6],"quantity":[7],"B.E.":[8],"=":[9],"\u03baMr+,":[10],"which":[11],"combines":[12],"surface":[13],"gravity":[14],"\u03ba,":[15],"black":[16,57,80],"hole":[17,81],"mass":[18],"M,":[19],"and":[20,35,53,70,91],"event-horizon":[21],"radius":[22],"r+,":[23],"across":[24],"classical":[25,62],"black-hole":[26],"spacetimes:":[27],"Kerr\u2013Newman":[28],"(rotating,":[29],"charged),":[30],"Kerr":[31],"(rotating),":[32],"Reissner\u2013Nordstrom":[33],"(charged),":[34],"Schwarzschild":[36,68],"(neutral,":[37],"non-rotating).":[38],"This":[39],"expression":[40],"serves":[41],"as":[42],"a":[43],"thermodynamic":[44],"energy":[45,89],"proxy,":[46],"reflecting":[47],"interplay":[49],"between":[50],"horizon":[51],"properties":[52],"gravitational":[54,88],"binding":[55],"in":[56,72],"holes.":[58],"It":[59],"recovers":[60],"result":[63],"1/2":[64],"Mc2":[65],"case":[69],"vanishes":[71],"extremal":[73],"limits\u2014consistent":[74],"with":[75],"third":[77],"law":[78],"of":[79],"thermodynamics.":[82],"further":[84],"discuss":[85],"implications":[86],"extraction":[90],"astrophysical":[92],"jet":[93],"formation.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
