{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413480644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092062","title":"Measuring the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype","display_name":"Measuring the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413480644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092062","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41007626","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12467123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/biomedicines13092062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/9/2062/pdf?version=1756027261","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737005842","display_name":"Biomedicines","issn_l":"2227-9059","issn":["2227-9059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/9/2062/pdf?version=1756027261","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025835542","display_name":"A. Karras","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104108","display_name":"Papageorgiou General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01663qy58","country_code":"GR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104108"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achilleas Karras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, Papageorgiou Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece","School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, Papageorgiou Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104108"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003332605","display_name":"\u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039b\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-4384","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-4384"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Lioulios","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065637664","display_name":"Konstantia M. Kantartzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-7466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-7466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161335","display_name":"University Hospital of Alexandroupolis","ror":"https://ror.org/04zkctn64","country_code":"GR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161335"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantia Kantartzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece","School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-7466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161335"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050517426","display_name":"Asimina Fylaktou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-3549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-3549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116665","display_name":"Ippokrateio General Hospital of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpyrm37","country_code":"GR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116665"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asimina Fylaktou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, General Hospital Hippokration, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, General Hospital Hippokration, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016870802","display_name":"Stylianos A. Panagoutsos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3857-3819","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3857-3819"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161335","display_name":"University Hospital of Alexandroupolis","ror":"https://ror.org/04zkctn64","country_code":"GR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161335"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stylianos Panagoutsos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece","School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161335"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088843359","display_name":"Maria J. Stangou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-9863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-9863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116665","display_name":"Ippokrateio General Hospital of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpyrm37","country_code":"GR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116665"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Stangou","raw_affiliation_strings":["1st Department of Nephrology AUTH, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece","School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-9863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1st Department of Nephrology AUTH, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116665"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088843359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196","https://openalex.org/I4210116665"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":2.3237,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90305281,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"2062","last_page":"2062"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10937","display_name":"Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10937","display_name":"Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10676","display_name":"Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1302","display_name":"Aging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype","display_name":"senescence-associated secretory phenotype","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-senescence","display_name":"cellular senescence","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senotherapeutics","display_name":"senotherapeutics","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senolytics","display_name":"senolytics","score":0.38600000739097595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522857546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070979","display_name":"Senescence","level":2,"score":0.7857778668403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.684500515460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4981253147125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.4113815128803253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.28954336047172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.11936196684837341}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/biomedicines13092062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/9/2062/pdf?version=1756027261","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737005842","display_name":"Biomedicines","issn_l":"2227-9059","issn":["2227-9059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11275502","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12467123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41007626","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41007626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedicines","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12467123","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12467123/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedicines","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2495d3840e19410fa94de0cb1955c346","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2495d3840e19410fa94de0cb1955c346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Biomedicines, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 2062 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/biomedicines13092062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/9/2062/pdf?version=1756027261","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737005842","display_name":"Biomedicines","issn_l":"2227-9059","issn":["2227-9059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413480644.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413480644.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W239602587","https://openalex.org/W832147302","https://openalex.org/W1033197108","https://openalex.org/W1514533495","https://openalex.org/W1516333482","https://openalex.org/W1524549603","https://openalex.org/W1702885827","https://openalex.org/W1910950086","https://openalex.org/W1973300568","https://openalex.org/W1981509058","https://openalex.org/W1982481909","https://openalex.org/W1983263771","https://openalex.org/W2004314923","https://openalex.org/W2013743510","https://openalex.org/W2022347263","https://openalex.org/W2037837681","https://openalex.org/W2051379856","https://openalex.org/W2087362438","https://openalex.org/W2092333751","https://openalex.org/W2108344016","https://openalex.org/W2115349822","https://openalex.org/W2116054786","https://openalex.org/W2122740168","https://openalex.org/W2126525177","https://openalex.org/W2128807350","https://openalex.org/W2129757655","https://openalex.org/W2130458932","https://openalex.org/W2131078803","https://openalex.org/W2140930678","https://openalex.org/W2150245222","https://openalex.org/W2158028799","https://openalex.org/W2159914115","https://openalex.org/W2162445773","https://openalex.org/W2191745121","https://openalex.org/W2343047725","https://openalex.org/W2402071659","https://openalex.org/W2411937682","https://openalex.org/W2427523415","https://openalex.org/W2468172085","https://openalex.org/W2469481756","https://openalex.org/W2518194013","https://openalex.org/W2520322757","https://openalex.org/W2560030845","https://openalex.org/W2620914886","https://openalex.org/W2795010312","https://openalex.org/W2799273553","https://openalex.org/W2815133411","https://openalex.org/W2889294609","https://openalex.org/W2891471071","https://openalex.org/W2900708610","https://openalex.org/W2902146322","https://openalex.org/W2906342230","https://openalex.org/W2908922892","https://openalex.org/W2920148369","https://openalex.org/W2922215458","https://openalex.org/W2949430932","https://openalex.org/W2954376097","https://openalex.org/W2954925410","https://openalex.org/W2974643180","https://openalex.org/W2984009413","https://openalex.org/W3000364256","https://openalex.org/W3003376590","https://openalex.org/W3003440392","https://openalex.org/W3036659787","https://openalex.org/W3088158882","https://openalex.org/W3090946458","https://openalex.org/W3093298383","https://openalex.org/W3101689851","https://openalex.org/W3111207111","https://openalex.org/W3122349887","https://openalex.org/W3138751328","https://openalex.org/W3146711748","https://openalex.org/W3151709979","https://openalex.org/W3172838821","https://openalex.org/W3190202966","https://openalex.org/W3199843417","https://openalex.org/W4205869028","https://openalex.org/W4220837089","https://openalex.org/W4229369601","https://openalex.org/W4232055406","https://openalex.org/W4280509809","https://openalex.org/W4280558525","https://openalex.org/W4283331795","https://openalex.org/W4283714155","https://openalex.org/W4283749475","https://openalex.org/W4292488030","https://openalex.org/W4308767256","https://openalex.org/W4310088491","https://openalex.org/W4311070806","https://openalex.org/W4313449211","https://openalex.org/W4319318579","https://openalex.org/W4321003734","https://openalex.org/W4328111259","https://openalex.org/W4360599862","https://openalex.org/W4361006991","https://openalex.org/W4366828016","https://openalex.org/W4387420605","https://openalex.org/W4387699955","https://openalex.org/W4391757049","https://openalex.org/W4400001560","https://openalex.org/W4402081779","https://openalex.org/W4402731680","https://openalex.org/W4403122797","https://openalex.org/W4403224882","https://openalex.org/W4405248523","https://openalex.org/W4407273816","https://openalex.org/W4408167958","https://openalex.org/W4408524076","https://openalex.org/W4408997622","https://openalex.org/W4410974062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W179797905","https://openalex.org/W7167794569","https://openalex.org/W4413207199","https://openalex.org/W2987419385","https://openalex.org/W4313194659","https://openalex.org/W4409419340","https://openalex.org/W4400246401","https://openalex.org/W2546640984","https://openalex.org/W3156833722","https://openalex.org/W4395050247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cellular":[0],"senescence":[1,43,60],"is":[2,53],"a":[3,24,89],"fundamental":[4],"hallmark":[5],"of":[6,29,50,92,123,169,177],"aging,":[7],"contributing":[8],"to":[9,55,61,79,97,172],"tissue":[10],"dysfunction":[11],"and":[12,26,35,45,63,75,83,106,114,121,145,161,187,197],"chronic":[13],"disease":[14,198],"through":[15],"the":[16,57,70,93,119,167,174],"senescence-associated":[17],"secretory":[18],"phenotype":[19],"(SASP).":[20],"The":[21],"SASP":[22,51,71,99,155,192],"encompasses":[23],"diverse":[25],"dynamic":[27],"collection":[28],"secreted":[30],"cytokines,":[31],"chemokines,":[32],"growth":[33],"factors,":[34],"proteases":[36],"that":[37],"vary":[38],"depending":[39],"on":[40],"cell":[41,111,179],"type,":[42],"trigger,":[44],"microenvironmental":[46],"context.":[47],"Accurate":[48],"quantification":[49],"components":[52,100],"critical":[54],"understanding":[56],"mechanisms":[58],"linking":[59],"pathology":[62],"for":[64,190],"advancing":[65],"senotherapeutic":[66],"strategies.":[67],"However,":[68],"measuring":[69],"presents":[72],"significant":[73],"technical":[74],"biological":[76,103],"challenges":[77],"due":[78],"its":[80],"complexity,":[81],"heterogeneity,":[82],"context":[84],"dependence.":[85],"This":[86],"review":[87,165],"provides":[88],"comprehensive":[90],"overview":[91],"principal":[94],"methodologies":[95],"used":[96,125],"measure":[98],"across":[101],"different":[102],"levels-transcriptional,":[104],"translational,":[105],"functional-and":[107],"sample":[108,162],"types,":[109],"including":[110],"cultures,":[112],"tissues,":[113],"systemic":[115],"fluids.":[116],"We":[117,181],"discuss":[118],"advantages":[120],"limitations":[122],"widely":[124],"RNA-level":[126],"techniques":[127],"(e.g.,":[128,137,149],"qRT-PCR,":[129],"RNA":[130],"sequencing,":[131],"in":[132,195],"situ":[133],"hybridization),":[134],"protein-level":[135],"assays":[136],"ELISA,":[138],"Western":[139],"blotting,":[140],"mass":[141],"spectrometry,":[142],"Luminex,":[143],"MSD),":[144],"spatial":[146],"detection":[147,156],"methods":[148],"immunohistochemistry,":[150],"immunofluorescence).":[151],"By":[152],"organizing":[153],"current":[154],"strategies":[157],"by":[158],"molecular":[159],"level":[160],"source,":[163],"this":[164],"highlights":[166],"importance":[168],"multiparametric":[170],"approaches":[171],"capture":[173],"full":[175],"spectrum":[176],"senescent":[178],"activity.":[180],"also":[182],"identify":[183],"key":[184],"methodological":[185],"gaps":[186],"propose":[188],"directions":[189],"refining":[191],"biomarker":[193],"discovery":[194],"aging":[196],"research.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
