{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413456847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11111659","title":"(3+1)D Printing of Low-Loss Core-Clad Waveguide by Two-Photon Polymerization","display_name":"(3+1)D Printing of Low-Loss Core-Clad Waveguide by Two-Photon Polymerization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413456847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11111659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11111659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11111659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11111659","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &amp;amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108907830","display_name":"Rapha\u00ebl Hazem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9328-2506","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9328-2506"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/057qpr032","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110196","display_name":"Institut de Chimie de la Mati\u00e8re Condens\u00e9e de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/01nw6qk38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210110196","https://openalex.org/I4210128300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rapha\u00ebl Hazem","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bordeaux,Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Mater of Bordeaux (ICMCB),Pessac,France,33600"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bordeaux,Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Mater of Bordeaux (ICMCB),Pessac,France,33600","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210110196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111187346","display_name":"Mathis Carpentier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/057qpr032","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110196","display_name":"Institut de Chimie de la Mati\u00e8re Condens\u00e9e de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/01nw6qk38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210110196","https://openalex.org/I4210128300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathis Carpentier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bordeaux,Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Mater of Bordeaux (ICMCB),Pessac,France,33600"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bordeaux,Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Mater of Bordeaux (ICMCB),Pessac,France,33600","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210110196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010550829","display_name":"Marc Dussauze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-3518","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-3518"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/057qpr032","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086194","display_name":"Institut des Sciences Mol\u00e9culaires","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8jkk54","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210086194","https://openalex.org/I4210128300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Dussauze","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bordeaux, CNRS,Institute of Molecular Science (ISM),Talence,France,33405"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bordeaux, CNRS,Institute of Molecular Science (ISM),Talence,France,33405","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210086194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072014874","display_name":"Yannick G. Petit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-5983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-5983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/057qpr032","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110196","display_name":"Institut de Chimie de la Mati\u00e8re Condens\u00e9e de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/01nw6qk38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210110196","https://openalex.org/I4210128300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yannick Petit","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bordeaux,Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Mater of Bordeaux (ICMCB),Pessac,France,33600"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bordeaux,Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Mater of Bordeaux (ICMCB),Pessac,France,33600","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210110196"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025146159","display_name":"Lionel Canioni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7425-8253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7425-8253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/057qpr032","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110196","display_name":"Institut de Chimie de la Mati\u00e8re Condens\u00e9e de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/01nw6qk38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210110196","https://openalex.org/I4210128300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel Canioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bordeaux,Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Mater of Bordeaux (ICMCB),Pessac,France,33600"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bordeaux,Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Mater of Bordeaux (ICMCB),Pessac,France,33600","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210110196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25132375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11788","display_name":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11788","display_name":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10732","display_name":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","score":0.02329999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-photon-polymerization","display_name":"two-photon polymerization","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering-loss","display_name":"scattering loss","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"surface roughness","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index-modulation","display_name":"refractive index modulation","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-power-modulation","display_name":"laser power modulation","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-waveguides","display_name":"polymer waveguides","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonic-integrated-circuits","display_name":"photonic integrated circuits","score":0.7770000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.6700389981269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44228677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181898","display_name":"Polymerization","level":3,"score":0.5672830939292908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5637990236282349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.5201247334480286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.47362205386161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.47326305508613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3464791178703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.20632031559944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1970212161540985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.1399802565574646}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11111659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11111659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11111659","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &amp;amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05194252v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://u-bordeaux.hal.science/hal-05194252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe - CLEO/Europe-EQEC, European Physical Society; OPTICA; IEEE Photonics Society; CLEO/Europe-EQEC, Jun 2025, Munich, Germany. &#x27E8;10.1109/CLEO/Europe-EQEC65582.2025.11111659&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3042725180","https://openalex.org/W3112695235","https://openalex.org/W3172559402","https://openalex.org/W4399296765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3158538495","https://openalex.org/W1952664864","https://openalex.org/W2045815042","https://openalex.org/W2092226129","https://openalex.org/W2913619905","https://openalex.org/W2033381377","https://openalex.org/W3125758369","https://openalex.org/W2375898439","https://openalex.org/W2069382761","https://openalex.org/W2028287801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three-dimensional":[0],"printing":[1,25,71,151,182],"using":[2],"two-photon":[3],"polymerization":[4],"(TPP),":[5],"is":[6,94,160],"nowadays":[7],"a":[8,39,44],"powerful":[9],"technique":[10],"for":[11,54,147],"the":[12,55,70,87,91,97,106,115,123,130,144,148,165,169,173,177,181,194],"fabrication":[13],"of":[14,26,57,82,90,99,108,152,196],"photonic":[15,58,153],"components":[16,101],"including":[17],"optical":[18],"waveguides.":[19],"Numerous":[20],"publications":[21],"have":[22,65,140],"demonstrated":[23],"3D":[24,103,136],"clad-less":[27],"guiding":[28],"structures":[29],"in":[30,38,112,135],"polymer":[31],"materials":[32],"[1],":[33],"[2].":[34],"These":[35],"waveguides,":[36,158],"printed":[37,100,170],"single":[40],"step,":[41],"result":[42],"from":[43,77,86],"simple":[45],"manufacturing":[46],"method":[47],"that":[48],"has":[49,118,184],"enabled":[50],"advances":[51],"and":[52,126,199],"breakthroughs":[53],"production":[56],"integrated":[59],"circuits":[60],"(PICs).":[61],"However,":[62,134],"these":[63],"waveguides":[64,198],"inherent":[66],"losses":[67,74,84,132],"related":[68],"to":[69,96,121,128,162,175,193],"process,":[72],"such":[73],"predominantly":[75],"resulting":[76],"scattering.":[78],"A":[79],"major":[80],"cause":[81],"scattering":[83],"arises":[85],"surface":[88],"roughness":[89],"waveguide,":[92],"which":[93],"detrimental":[95],"quality":[98],"by":[102],"TPP.":[104],"In":[105],"case":[107],"femtosecond":[109],"laser":[110,178],"inscription":[111],"bulk":[113],"glasses,":[114],"multi-laser-pass":[116],"approach":[117,146],"already":[119],"shown":[120],"homogenize":[122],"waveguide":[124],"structure":[125],"thus":[127],"reduce":[129],"associated":[131],"[3].":[133],"printing,":[137,191],"few":[138],"studies":[139],"referred":[141],"yet":[142],"on":[143],"multipass":[145],"single-step":[149],"direct":[150],"structures.":[154],"To":[155],"produce":[156],"coreclad":[157],"it":[159],"necessary":[161],"tune":[163],"locally":[164],"index":[166],"variation":[167],"within":[168],"object.":[171],"Recently,":[172],"ability":[174],"modify":[176],"power":[179],"during":[180],"process":[183],"been":[185],"demonstrated,":[186],"referenced":[187],"as":[188],"(3+1)D":[189],"multiphoton":[190],"leading":[192],"realization":[195],"core-cladding":[197],"\u22126.2":[200],"dB.mm\u22121losses":[201],"[4].":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
