{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413455859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109761","title":"Broadband Mid-Infrared Generation at mW-Power Level in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Waveguides","display_name":"Broadband Mid-Infrared Generation at mW-Power Level in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Waveguides","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413455859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109761","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114589524","display_name":"Riccardo Brameri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7975-9855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7975-9855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Brameri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056345151","display_name":"Valerio Vitali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-7503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-7503"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerio Vitali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059786273","display_name":"Ludovic Gauthier\u2010Manuel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9214-6624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9214-6624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802759292","display_name":"Franche-Comt\u00e9 \u00c9lectronique M\u00e9canique Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/004fmxv66","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludovic Gauthier-Manuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CNRS, institut FEMTO-ST,Besançon,France,F-25000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CNRS, institut FEMTO-ST,Besançon,France,F-25000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002803776","display_name":"Cosimo Lacava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9950-8642","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9950-8642"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cosimo Lacava","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005434214","display_name":"Federico Pirzio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Pirzio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050541515","display_name":"Antoniangelo Agnesi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antoniangelo Agnesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107922008","display_name":"Mathieu Chauvet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-1668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-1668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802759292","display_name":"Franche-Comt\u00e9 \u00c9lectronique M\u00e9canique Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/004fmxv66","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathieu Chauvet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CNRS, institut FEMTO-ST,Besançon,France,F-25000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CNRS, institut FEMTO-ST,Besançon,France,F-25000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026686759","display_name":"Ilaria Cristiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6344-4894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6344-4894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilaria Cristiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy,27100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24290005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mid-infrared-generation","display_name":"mid-infrared generation","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodically-poled-lithium-niobate","display_name":"periodically poled lithium niobate","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-niobate-on-insulator","display_name":"lithium niobate on insulator","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/difference-frequency-generation","display_name":"difference frequency generation","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-window","display_name":"atmospheric window","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ridge-waveguide","display_name":"ridge waveguide","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-nonlinear-photonics","display_name":"nonlinear integrated photonics","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguide-loss","display_name":"waveguide loss","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-matching","display_name":"phase matching","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunable-lasers","display_name":"tunable lasers","score":0.33000001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777207636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424481","display_name":"Lithium niobate","level":2,"score":0.9293996095657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.7773810625076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5696305632591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.5007100105285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4829246699810028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4406253397464752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.433409720659256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14670240879058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109761","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2470340470","https://openalex.org/W4401651250","https://openalex.org/W4404229666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574992861","https://openalex.org/W2480255575","https://openalex.org/W2092716453","https://openalex.org/W2968347127","https://openalex.org/W4200552105","https://openalex.org/W2028499464","https://openalex.org/W2053575778","https://openalex.org/W2387019738","https://openalex.org/W3172623627","https://openalex.org/W2362189340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Miniaturization":[0],"of":[1,78,116,130,160,289,337,348,391,399],"mid-infrared":[2],"(MIR)":[3],"sources":[4],"for":[5,57,216,341,354,372,406],"spectroscopy":[6,407],"applications":[7],"has":[8],"progressed":[9],"significantly":[10],"during":[11],"the":[12,31,74,126,141,148,157,166,193,217,227,245,250,260,265,270,281,293,303,309,330,338,373,384,392,397,418,424,428,434],"past":[13],"two":[14],"decades,":[15],"but":[16],"a":[17,37,54,64,93,103,117,131,184,205,210,287,323,335,345,355,389],"solution":[18],"able":[19,83],"to":[20,84,145,165,174,231,358],"provide":[21],"full":[22],"integration,":[23],"wide":[24],"tuneability":[25,357],"and":[26,59,76,129,178,244,269,280,305,308,322,420],"relatively":[27,251],"high":[28,429],"power":[29,333,387,403,422],"over":[30,92,361],"so-called":[32],"atmospheric":[33],"window$(3-5":[34],"\\mu":[35,124,139,238,368],"\\mathrm{m})$in":[36],"photonic":[38,51,163],"integrated":[39,50,80],"platform":[40,111,437],"is":[41,278,283],"still":[42],"missing.":[43],"In":[44,69],"this":[45,70,440],"context,":[46],"leveraging":[47],"efficient":[48,176],"non-linear":[49],"platforms":[52],"offers":[53],"promising":[55],"approach":[56],"generating":[58],"amplifying":[60],"MIR":[61,81,167,261,310,332,410],"light":[62,91],"within":[63,249],"highly":[65],"compact":[66],"footprint":[67],"[1].":[68],"work,":[71],"we":[72],"report":[73],"fabrication":[75],"characterization":[77],"an":[79,315],"source":[82],"generate":[85],"mW-power":[86],"level":[87],"continuous":[88],"wave":[89],"(CW)":[90],"broad":[94],"band":[95],"relying":[96],"on":[97,108,209],"difference":[98],"frequency":[99],"generation":[100],"(DFG)":[101],"in":[102,226,439],"periodically":[104,284],"poled":[105,285],"Lithium":[106,275,435],"Niobate":[107,276,436],"Insulator":[109],"(LNoI)":[110],"[2],":[112],"[3].":[113],"The":[114,170,200,234,274],"use":[115],"custom-made":[118],"tuneable":[119,132],"laser":[120,135],"emitting":[121,136],"at":[122,137,196,259,364,423],"around$1":[123],"\\mathrm{m}$as":[125,140],"optical":[127,180,187,257,316],"pump":[128,304,343,393,419],"amplified":[133],"telecom":[134],"around$1.55":[138],"signal":[142,306,421],"allowed":[143],"us":[144],"fully":[146,359],"cover":[147,360],"3":[149,232],"-":[150],"3.45":[151],"\u03bcm":[152],"spectral":[153],"range":[154,228],"thus":[155],"translating":[156],"technological":[158],"maturity":[159],"data":[161],"communication":[162],"devices":[164],"wavelength":[168,340,346],"band.":[169],"waveguides":[171,201],"were":[172,190,224,298,379],"designed":[173],"guarantee":[175,292],"input":[177],"output":[179,386,394,402],"coupling":[181],"even":[182],"using":[183],"standard":[185],"90\u00b0-cleaved":[186],"fiber.":[188],"They":[189],"fabricated":[191,225],"by":[192,204,264,301,416,433],"FEMTO-ST":[194],"Institute":[195],"MIMENTO":[197],"technology":[198],"centre.":[199],"are":[202],"characterised":[203],"ridge":[206],"structure,":[207],"laying":[208],"silica":[211],"substrate":[212,268],"(see":[213],"Fig.":[214,381],"1(a)":[215],"waveguide":[218,253,282,425],"cross-section).":[219],"Waveguides":[220],"with":[221,286],"different":[222,342],"lengths":[223],"from":[229],"2":[230],"cm.":[233],"measured":[235,313],"losses":[236,258],"at$1.55":[237],"\\mathrm{m}$is":[239],"lower":[240],"than":[241],"0.1":[242],"dB/cm":[243],"strong":[246],"modal":[247],"confinement":[248],"large":[252],"cross-section":[254],"effectively":[255],"minimizes":[256],"wavelengths":[262,307,365],"caused":[263],"silicon":[266],"oxide":[267],"gold":[271],"bonding":[272],"layer.":[273],"wafer":[277],"z-cut":[279],"period":[288],"around$25\\mu":[290],"\\mathrm{m}$to":[291],"phase-matching.":[294],"Non-linear":[295],"DFG":[296],"experiments":[297],"carried":[299],"out":[300],"sweeping":[302],"radiation":[311],"was":[312],"through":[314],"spectrum":[317],"analyzer":[318],"(BRISTOL":[319],"771-B":[320],"MIR)":[321],"photodiode":[324],"(Thorlabs":[325],"PDA07P2).":[326],"Fig":[327],"1(b)":[328],"reports":[329,383],"idler":[331,339,375,385,411],"as":[334,388],"function":[336,390],"wavelengths$(\\lambda_{p})$with":[344],"step":[347],"5":[349],"nm.":[350],"This":[351],"configuration":[352],"allows":[353],"fine":[356],"460":[362],"nm":[363],"longer":[366],"than$3":[367],"\\mathrm{m}$.":[369],"Normalized":[370],"efficiencies":[371],"generated":[374],"components":[376],"around":[377],"3.24%/W/cm2":[378],"measured.":[380],"1(c)":[382],"power,":[395],"showing":[396],"capability":[398],"reaching":[400],"mW":[401],"levels":[404],"suitable":[405],"applications.":[408],"Higher":[409],"powers":[412],"could":[413],"be":[414],"achieved":[415],"increasing":[417],"input,":[426],"given":[427],"damage":[430],"threshold":[431],"exhibited":[432],"employed":[438],"work.":[441]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}