{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413435809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70398","title":"Reducing the Delay in the Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder: A Qualitative Study","display_name":"Reducing the Delay in the Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder: A Qualitative Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413435809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70398","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40842333","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12371200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/hex.70398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70398","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/hex.70398","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134406477","display_name":"Health Expectations","issn_l":"1369-6513","issn":["1369-6513","1369-7625"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Expectations","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/hex.70398","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106992716","display_name":"Isobel Hoppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2593-3937","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2593-3937"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56007636","display_name":"Keele University","ror":"https://ror.org/00340yn33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine Keele University Keele UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2593-3937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine Keele University Keele UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087798145","display_name":"Stuart Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-3367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-3367"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-3367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013384395","display_name":"Niraj Ahuja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4949-7893","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4949-7893"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240202130","display_name":"Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01ajv0n48","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240202130"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Ahuja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Affective Disorders Service, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4949-7893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Affective Disorders Service, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240202130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011761935","display_name":"Lumbini Azim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3094-5366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3094-5366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240202130","display_name":"Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01ajv0n48","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240202130"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Azim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3094-5366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240202130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007077090","display_name":"Andrea Cipriani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-8321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-8321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802171185","display_name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/04c8bjx39","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802171185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803066836","display_name":"Warneford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03we1zb10","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802171185","https://openalex.org/I2803066836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34931013","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34931013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Cipriani","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIHR Oxford Health Clinical Research Facility, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital Oxford UK","Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK","University of Oxford Oxford UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-8321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIHR Oxford Health Clinical Research Facility, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802171185","https://openalex.org/I2803066836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34931013"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"E. Clark","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240202130","display_name":"Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01ajv0n48","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240202130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Trust Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Trust Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240202130","https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102779331","display_name":"Jonathan Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3171-640X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3171-640X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9625-2071"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bristol University Bristol UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3171-640X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bristol University Bristol UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087719511","display_name":"Tania Gergel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-8277","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-8277"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Gergel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bipolar London UK","Centre for Humanities and Health, King's College London London UK","Division of Psychiatry/Institute of Mental Health University College London London UK","Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-8277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bipolar London UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Humanities and Health, King's College London London UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Psychiatry/Institute of Mental Health University College London London UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103247706","display_name":"John Gibson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-4869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-4869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127585","display_name":"McPin Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0316s5q91","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127585"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["McPin Foundation London UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-4869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McPin Foundation London UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Hall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059411335","display_name":"Thomas Kabir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8908-0964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8908-0964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Kabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Oxford UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8908-0964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075209159","display_name":"Ayesha Mathias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7852-6342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7852-6342"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240202130","display_name":"Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01ajv0n48","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240202130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Mathias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Trust Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Trust Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240202130","https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052438284","display_name":"Neil L. Nixon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-0118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-0118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Nixon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-0118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048732531","display_name":"Vibhore Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5470-276X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5470-276X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5470-276X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham Nottingham UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L. Wall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240202130","display_name":"Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01ajv0n48","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240202130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Wall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Trust Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Trust Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240202130","https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012491915","display_name":"Carolyn Anne Chew-Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-9981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-9981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56007636","display_name":"Keele University","ror":"https://ror.org/00340yn33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Chew\u2010Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine Keele University Keele UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-9981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine Keele University Keele UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012491915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"],"apc_list":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"fwci":1.9664,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83886399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"e70398","last_page":"e70398"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13944","display_name":"Psychiatric care and mental health services","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-disorder","display_name":"bipolar disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-diagnosis","display_name":"delayed diagnosis","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"primary care","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-practitioners","display_name":"general practitioners","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatrists","display_name":"psychiatrists","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referral-pathways","display_name":"referral pathways","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-care-access","display_name":"secondary care access","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuity-of-care","display_name":"continuity of care","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinician-confidence","display_name":"clinician confidence","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinician-education-and-training","display_name":"clinician education and training","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-scale","display_name":"psychometric scale","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mood-diary","display_name":"mood diary","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-secondary-care-collaboration","display_name":"primary-secondary care collaboration","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nhs-waiting-times","display_name":"NHS waiting times","score":0.6190000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.5934268236160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.45990487933158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44788098335266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3267472982406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2822759747505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16238781809806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.11316332221031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001291","descriptor_name":"Attitude of Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001714","descriptor_name":"Bipolar Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007407","descriptor_name":"Interviews as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011570","descriptor_name":"Psychiatry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012017","descriptor_name":"Referral and Consultation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013222","descriptor_name":"State Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036301","descriptor_name":"Qualitative Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057210","descriptor_name":"Delayed Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058005","descriptor_name":"General Practitioners","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":13,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/hex.70398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70398","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/hex.70398","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134406477","display_name":"Health Expectations","issn_l":"1369-6513","issn":["1369-6513","1369-7625"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Expectations","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11180637","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12371200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40842333","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40842333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:54257467","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:ee520181-189a-46b0-b574-80e071a1e194","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ee520181-189a-46b0-b574-80e071a1e194/files/rb5644t640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jisc Publications Router","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12371200","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12371200/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Expect","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:180674","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/180674/1/hex.70398.pdf","pdf_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/180674/1/hex.70398.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ncl.ac.uk:307494","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/fulltext.aspx?url=307494/DDB764FA-2F37-4CA1-BB18-82877A34F8C3.pdf&pub_id=307494","pdf_url":"https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/fulltext.aspx?url=307494/DDB764FA-2F37-4CA1-BB18-82877A34F8C3.pdf&pub_id=307494","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health Expectations, August 2025","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/:54257467","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/54257467","pdf_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/54257466/Health%20Expectations%20-%202025%20-%20Hoppe%20-%20Reducing%20the%20Delay%20in%20the%20Diagnosis%20of%20Bipolar%20Disorder%20%20A%20Qualitative%20Study.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:707ba6552b4c4348920a7bebbd0e1c84","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/707ba6552b4c4348920a7bebbd0e1c84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health Expectations, Vol 28, Iss 4, Pp n/a-n/a (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10215666","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10215666/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health Expectations , 28 (4) , Article ARTN e70398. (2025)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34532739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34532739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34532739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34532739.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34532739.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34532739.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/hex.70398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70398","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/hex.70398","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134406477","display_name":"Health Expectations","issn_l":"1369-6513","issn":["1369-6513","1369-7625"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Expectations","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1848747539","display_name":"Aripiprazole/ sertraline combination: Clinical and cost-effectiveness in comparison with quetiapine for the treatment of bipolar depression. An open label randomised controlled trial. (ASCEnD)","funder_award_id":"NIHR132773","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2792775314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIHR203316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3083388684","display_name":"Choosing the right antidepressant for depressive disorder","funder_award_id":"RP-2017-08-ST2-006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4638365528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIHR200165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323443","display_name":"National Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413435809.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413435809.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192481466","https://openalex.org/W1495646090","https://openalex.org/W1516652979","https://openalex.org/W1844790369","https://openalex.org/W1971796909","https://openalex.org/W1976681359","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1989666092","https://openalex.org/W2049172770","https://openalex.org/W2057740327","https://openalex.org/W2064448738","https://openalex.org/W2097417981","https://openalex.org/W2116605902","https://openalex.org/W2143002682","https://openalex.org/W2145141773","https://openalex.org/W2148406811","https://openalex.org/W2148721786","https://openalex.org/W2754799758","https://openalex.org/W2795576107","https://openalex.org/W2999765452","https://openalex.org/W3006633961","https://openalex.org/W3130778661","https://openalex.org/W4210998119","https://openalex.org/W4232818056","https://openalex.org/W4296396329","https://openalex.org/W4387540149","https://openalex.org/W4401428401","https://openalex.org/W4402235781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972222877","https://openalex.org/W4390691700","https://openalex.org/W1749049312","https://openalex.org/W2263327573","https://openalex.org/W2544932250","https://openalex.org/W3203404130","https://openalex.org/W3012825627","https://openalex.org/W7039479193","https://openalex.org/W2795576107","https://openalex.org/W1973600995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Patients":[1],"living":[2],"with":[3,43,70,136,228],"bipolar":[4],"disorder":[5],"in":[6,40,56,111,140,162,195,212],"the":[7,35,46,54,61,94,119,137,196,209,229,232,240,246],"UK":[8],"face,":[9],"on":[10],"average,":[11],"a":[12,107,202],"delay":[13,55,211],"of":[14,20,24,28,48,58,109,118,124,126,175,204,214,231,242,254],"9.5":[15],"years":[16],"from":[17,45,60],"initial":[18],"presentation":[19,63],"symptoms":[21],"to":[22,33,77,115,142,172,190],"confirmation":[23],"diagnosis.":[25],"The":[26],"aim":[27],"this":[29],"qualitative":[30,249],"study":[31],"was":[32,102,226],"understand":[34],"challenges":[36],"and":[37,50,52,73,80,85,98,122,130,149,160,169,183,187,192,252],"facilitators":[38],"involved":[39],"diagnosing":[41],"individuals":[42],"BD":[44,59,92,113],"perspectives":[47,81],"GPs":[49,105],"psychiatrists":[51],"how":[53],"diagnosis":[57,213],"first":[62],"might":[64],"be":[65],"reduced.":[66],"METHODS:":[67],"Semi-structured":[68],"interviews":[69],"clinicians":[71,133],"(GPs":[72],"psychiatrists)":[74],"were":[75],"used":[76],"explore":[78],"attitudes":[79],"towards":[82,239],"diagnosing,":[83],"managing,":[84],"accessing":[86],"or":[87],"delivering":[88],"specialist":[89],"opinion":[90],"for":[91,145,153,180],"within":[93],"current":[95],"NHS":[96],"systems":[97],"pathways.":[99],"Thematic":[100],"analysis":[101,251],"conducted.":[103],"RESULTS:":[104],"report":[106],"lack":[108,123],"confidence":[110],"identifying":[112],"due":[114],"limited":[116],"understanding":[117],"condition,":[120],"resources,":[121],"continuity":[125],"care.":[127],"Both":[128],"primary":[129,163,186],"secondary":[131,146,188],"care":[132,147,164,189],"expressed":[134],"frustrations":[135],"referral":[138],"pathway":[139],"relation":[141],"high":[143],"thresholds":[144],"acceptance":[148],"long":[150],"waiting":[151],"times":[152],"assessments.":[154],"Clinicians":[155,177],"suggest":[156,201],"that":[157],"further":[158],"education":[159],"training":[161],"supported":[165],"by":[166],"psychometric":[167],"tools":[168],"mood":[170],"diaries":[171],"improve":[173],"identification":[174],"BD.":[176],"also":[178],"advocated":[179],"enhanced":[181],"communication":[182],"collaboration":[184],"between":[185],"streamline":[191],"reduce":[193,208],"delays":[194],"diagnostic":[197],"process.":[198],"CONCLUSION:":[199],"We":[200],"number":[203],"strategies":[205],"which":[206],"could":[207],"harmful":[210],"bipolar.":[215],"PATIENT":[216],"OR":[217],"PUBLIC":[218],"CONTRIBUTION:":[219],"A":[220],"Lived":[221],"Experience":[222],"Advisory":[223],"Panel":[224],"(LEAP)":[225],"convened":[227],"support":[230],"McPin":[233],"Foundation.":[234],"LEAP":[235],"members":[236],"have":[237],"contributed":[238],"development":[241],"public-facing":[243],"documents,":[244],"including":[245],"topic":[247],"guides,":[248],"data":[250],"dissemination":[253],"findings.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}