{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413368709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1649203","title":"GKCAE: A graph-attention-based encoder for fine-grained semantic segmentation of high-voltage transmission corridors scenario LiDAR data","display_name":"GKCAE: A graph-attention-based encoder for fine-grained semantic segmentation of high-voltage transmission corridors scenario LiDAR data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413368709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1649203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feart.2025.1649203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1649203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1649203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595152256","display_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","issn_l":"2296-6463","issn":["2296-6463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1649203","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028417189","display_name":"Su Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-2518","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-2518"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Su Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681455","display_name":"Haibo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-9956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-9956","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0189-5478"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056402134","display_name":"Jingguo Rong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9005-8870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9005-8870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingguo Rong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366775","display_name":"Yaping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3338-2151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3338-2151"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028417189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.2813,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46985538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13715","display_name":"Power Line Inspection Robots","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13715","display_name":"Power Line Inspection Robots","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.02930000051856041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airborne-lidar-point-clouds","display_name":"airborne LiDAR point clouds","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-and-spatial-attention","display_name":"channel and spatial attention","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-wire","display_name":"ground wire","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulation-materials","display_name":"insulators","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-object-segmentation","display_name":"small object segmentation","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.7542819976806641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7481999397277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.681738555431366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6172879934310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.462046355009079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4182211756706238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35325562953948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33765023946762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3352721929550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21417319774627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21164637804031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.19168290495872498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/feart.2025.1649203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1649203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1649203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595152256","display_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","issn_l":"2296-6463","issn":["2296-6463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bf59bb1bcf3b4f7bb17b0eebd8bdd071","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bf59bb1bcf3b4f7bb17b0eebd8bdd071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol 13 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feart.2025.1649203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1649203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1649203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595152256","display_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","issn_l":"2296-6463","issn":["2296-6463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336660","display_name":"State Grid Sichuan Economic Research Institute, State Grid Corporation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994699846","https://openalex.org/W2010483917","https://openalex.org/W2044673696","https://openalex.org/W2323822180","https://openalex.org/W2346698422","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2599022140","https://openalex.org/W2606202972","https://openalex.org/W2614059183","https://openalex.org/W2624503621","https://openalex.org/W2769473888","https://openalex.org/W2891211641","https://openalex.org/W2912083425","https://openalex.org/W2920881684","https://openalex.org/W2938428612","https://openalex.org/W2981199548","https://openalex.org/W2996167479","https://openalex.org/W3008274274","https://openalex.org/W3012494314","https://openalex.org/W3098650625","https://openalex.org/W3121580487","https://openalex.org/W3132955790","https://openalex.org/W3137210930","https://openalex.org/W3155112956","https://openalex.org/W3158097430","https://openalex.org/W3168037706","https://openalex.org/W3199763959","https://openalex.org/W4200255201","https://openalex.org/W4205438261","https://openalex.org/W4220799731","https://openalex.org/W4285243347","https://openalex.org/W4307189178","https://openalex.org/W4308087350","https://openalex.org/W4313145913","https://openalex.org/W4317930986","https://openalex.org/W4317987768","https://openalex.org/W4322753894","https://openalex.org/W4323305929","https://openalex.org/W4327909575","https://openalex.org/W4367624068","https://openalex.org/W4380371902","https://openalex.org/W4380723689","https://openalex.org/W4382280203","https://openalex.org/W4382982923","https://openalex.org/W4389356678","https://openalex.org/W4389656830","https://openalex.org/W4390357029","https://openalex.org/W4399366390","https://openalex.org/W4400767105","https://openalex.org/W4401021453","https://openalex.org/W4402667891","https://openalex.org/W4402727571","https://openalex.org/W4402728013","https://openalex.org/W4404499349","https://openalex.org/W4406278238","https://openalex.org/W4407805476","https://openalex.org/W4407949338","https://openalex.org/W4408029328","https://openalex.org/W4408970681","https://openalex.org/W4410051516","https://openalex.org/W4410397000","https://openalex.org/W4410550564","https://openalex.org/W4411086858","https://openalex.org/W6653004601","https://openalex.org/W6765299845","https://openalex.org/W6804922528","https://openalex.org/W6853587888","https://openalex.org/W7133236665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404499349","https://openalex.org/W7128160850","https://openalex.org/W7167245608","https://openalex.org/W7131078602","https://openalex.org/W7160275402","https://openalex.org/W7128422596","https://openalex.org/W4407389252","https://openalex.org/W7108225644","https://openalex.org/W4414611402","https://openalex.org/W4409776396"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"semantic":[1,71],"segmentation":[2,41,72],"of":[3,16,42,73,141,148],"airborne":[4],"LiDAR":[5],"point":[6,76],"clouds":[7],"is":[8,108],"essential":[9],"for":[10,68,116],"the":[11,39],"intelligent":[12],"inspection":[13],"and":[14,32,52,88,143],"maintenance":[15],"high-voltage":[17],"transmission":[18,74,127],"infrastructure.":[19],"While":[20],"existing":[21,151],"methods":[22],"predominantly":[23],"focus":[24],"on":[25,124],"major":[26],"structural":[27],"components":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"towers":[31],"conductors,":[33],"they":[34],"often":[35],"fail":[36],"to":[37,98,110],"address":[38],"fine-grained":[40,70],"smaller":[43],"yet":[44],"critical":[45],"elements,":[46],"including":[47],"ground":[48],"wires,":[49],"crossing":[50],"lines,":[51],"insulators.":[53],"To":[54],"tackle":[55],"this":[56],"limitation,":[57],"we":[58],"propose":[59],"a":[60,104,135],"novel":[61],"network":[62],"architecture\u2014Graph-Kernel":[63],"Convolution":[64,97],"Attention":[65,106],"Encoder":[66],"(GKCAE)\u2014designed":[67],"multi-class,":[69],"corridor":[75,128],"clouds.":[77],"GKCAE":[78],"first":[79],"captures":[80],"local":[81],"geometric":[82],"features":[83],"using":[84],"Kernel":[85],"Point":[86],"Convolution,":[87],"then":[89],"models":[90],"inter-class":[91],"spatial":[92],"relationships":[93],"through":[94],"Graph":[95],"Edge-Conditioned":[96],"incorporate":[99],"global":[100],"contextual":[101],"information.":[102],"Additionally,":[103],"Channel-Spatial":[105],"Module":[107],"introduced":[109],"enhance":[111],"point-level":[112],"feature":[113],"representations,":[114],"particularly":[115],"small":[117],"or":[118],"geometrically":[119],"similar":[120],"classes.":[121],"Experiments":[122],"conducted":[123],"three":[125],"realworld":[126],"datasets":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"that":[131],"our":[132],"method":[133],"achieves":[134],"mean":[136],"Intersection":[137],"over":[138],"Union":[139],"(mIoU)":[140],"81.93%":[142],"an":[144],"Overall":[145],"Accuracy":[146],"(OA)":[147],"94.1%,":[149],"outperforming":[150],"state-of-the-art":[152],"approaches.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}