{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413153105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7255220/v1","title":"CCoRe: Cooperative-Competitive Reasoning LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework","display_name":"CCoRe: Cooperative-Competitive Reasoning LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413153105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7255220/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7255220/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7255220/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7255220/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7255220/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7255220/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123894317","display_name":"Hicham Bouchtib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8090-6532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8090-6532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113095","display_name":"\u00c9cole Marocaine des Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur","ror":"https://ror.org/01d1pbg09","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113095"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hicham Bouchtib","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMSI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMSI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085358115","display_name":"Kaouter Karboub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8938-4316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8938-4316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113095","display_name":"\u00c9cole Marocaine des Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur","ror":"https://ror.org/01d1pbg09","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113095"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaouter Karboub","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMSI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMSI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015679036","display_name":"Mohamed Tabaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-3566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-3566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113095","display_name":"\u00c9cole Marocaine des Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur","ror":"https://ror.org/01d1pbg09","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113095"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Tabaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMSI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMSI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001483656","display_name":"Mohamed Hamlich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7512-4329","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7512-4329"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Hamlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENSAM Casablanca, UH2C, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSAM Casablanca, UH2C, Morocco","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.6884999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.6884999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.1103999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.06080000102519989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-llm-systems","display_name":"multi-agent LLM systems","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"question answering","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-in-the-loop","display_name":"human-in-the-loop","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search","display_name":"web search","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commonsense-reasoning","display_name":"commonsense reasoning","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-reasoning","display_name":"mathematical reasoning","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucination-mitigation","display_name":"hallucination mitigation","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-framework","display_name":"open source software framework","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5536285638809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3712599277496338}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7255220/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7255220/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7255220/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7255220/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7255220/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7255220/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7255220/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7255220/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413153105.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413153105.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2952862139","https://openalex.org/W3134642945","https://openalex.org/W3157748223","https://openalex.org/W3177813494","https://openalex.org/W3195140297","https://openalex.org/W3210904070","https://openalex.org/W4221164824","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4330337479","https://openalex.org/W4362515116","https://openalex.org/W4365205411","https://openalex.org/W4378505261","https://openalex.org/W4378509427","https://openalex.org/W4379137333","https://openalex.org/W4381586770","https://openalex.org/W4384812233","https://openalex.org/W4384918448","https://openalex.org/W4385474529","https://openalex.org/W4385570777","https://openalex.org/W4385963839","https://openalex.org/W4385965642","https://openalex.org/W4386081870","https://openalex.org/W4386794440","https://openalex.org/W4387322659","https://openalex.org/W4387432227","https://openalex.org/W4387559176","https://openalex.org/W4387560371","https://openalex.org/W4387560883","https://openalex.org/W4387561528","https://openalex.org/W4387635374","https://openalex.org/W4387835442","https://openalex.org/W4389520779","https://openalex.org/W4390041933","https://openalex.org/W4390092490","https://openalex.org/W4390602555","https://openalex.org/W4390723197","https://openalex.org/W4391116828","https://openalex.org/W4391673253","https://openalex.org/W4391710060","https://openalex.org/W4393065402","https://openalex.org/W4393160302","https://openalex.org/W4393247776","https://openalex.org/W4396820243","https://openalex.org/W4400222256","https://openalex.org/W4401042992","https://openalex.org/W4402670791","https://openalex.org/W4402670898","https://openalex.org/W4403006857","https://openalex.org/W4403324098","https://openalex.org/W4403363860","https://openalex.org/W4404534210","https://openalex.org/W4404780797","https://openalex.org/W4405655184","https://openalex.org/W4407405968","https://openalex.org/W4407938709","https://openalex.org/W4409158571","https://openalex.org/W4410251374","https://openalex.org/W4412888616","https://openalex.org/W4412945638","https://openalex.org/W4413328432","https://openalex.org/W4414631749","https://openalex.org/W4415707504","https://openalex.org/W4415795596","https://openalex.org/W6929541986","https://openalex.org/W7094459024","https://openalex.org/W7129030749","https://openalex.org/W7131776210","https://openalex.org/W7133209886","https://openalex.org/W7133224126","https://openalex.org/W7133239970","https://openalex.org/W7134899623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410495238","https://openalex.org/W4416036229","https://openalex.org/W4416054967","https://openalex.org/W4398191705","https://openalex.org/W7155470537","https://openalex.org/W4414813461","https://openalex.org/W7221528797","https://openalex.org/W4415333930","https://openalex.org/W7168268051","https://openalex.org/W4414690299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Large":[1,102],"Language":[2,103],"Model-based":[3],"Multi-Agent":[4,27,89],"systems":[5],"(LLM-MAS)":[6],"emerged":[7],"as":[8],"a":[9],"promising":[10],"approach":[11],"for":[12],"solving":[13],"complex":[14,58],"tasks":[15,60],"and":[16,79,96,108,114,130,150,157,165],"queries":[17],"that":[18,34,135],"go":[19],"beyond":[20],"Single-Agent":[21,86],"systems\u2019":[22],"abilities.":[23],"Cooperative-Competitive":[24],"Reasoning":[25],"LLM-based":[26],"Framework":[28],"(CCoRe)":[29],"is":[30],"an":[31],"open-source":[32],"framework":[33],"allows":[35],"developers":[36],"to":[37,56,92],"build":[38],"Question":[39],"Answering":[40],"applications":[41],"using":[42],"lightweight":[43],"LLM-MAS":[44,67],"approach.":[45],"These":[46],"agents":[47],"can":[48,68,80],"converse":[49],"with":[50],"each":[51],"other":[52],"internally":[53],"through":[54],"DeepMonologue":[55],"accomplish":[57],"user":[59],"by":[61,147],"following":[62],"one":[63],"top-voted":[64],"TaskGraph.":[65],"Existing":[66],"already":[69],"solve":[70],"simple":[71],"dialogue":[72],"tasks.":[73],"CCoRe":[74,136],"WiserAgents":[75],"are":[76,169],"topic":[77],"customizable":[78],"operate":[81],"in":[82,123,140,152],"two":[83],"agent":[84],"modes,":[85],"(SA)":[87],"or":[88],"(MA)":[90],"mode,":[91],"better":[93],"handle":[94],"hard":[95],"easy":[97],"queries,":[98],"employing":[99],"combinations":[100],"of":[101],"Models":[104],"(LLMs),":[105],"Human-In-The-Loop":[106],"(HITL)":[107],"tools":[109],"such":[110],"as,":[111],"Web":[112],"Search":[113],"Wikipedia":[115],"Search.":[116],"Empirical":[117],"studies":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"the":[120,144],"framework\u2019s":[121],"effectiveness":[122],"many":[124],"domains":[125],"including":[126],"commonsense":[127],"reasoning":[128],"mathematics":[129],"coding.":[131],"The":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"outperforms":[137],"mid-to-heavyweight":[138],"LLMs":[139],"GQC":[141],"scores":[142,160],"on":[143],"CRITICBENCH":[145],"benchmark":[146],"8.27\\%,":[148],"13.74\\%":[149],"9.34\\%":[151],"Generation":[153],"(G),":[154],"Critique":[155],"(Q)":[156],"Correction":[158],"(C)":[159],"respectively.":[161],"Additionally,":[162],"reduced":[163],"hallucination":[164],"lower":[166],"resource":[167],"consumptions":[168],"observed.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
