{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413115773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2025.08.001","title":"Reimbursement for Artificial Intelligence Software as a Medical Device in Radiology","display_name":"Reimbursement for Artificial Intelligence Software as a Medical Device in Radiology","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413115773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2025.08.001","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40803522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2025.08.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2025.08.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2025.08.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8481965","display_name":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","issn_l":"1546-1440","issn":["1546-1440","1558-349X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006868514","display_name":"Joshua M. Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-9074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-9074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joshua M. Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walter Family Distinguished Chair in Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Commissioner on the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, Washington, DC. Electronic address: Joshua.Liao@UTSouthwestern.edu","Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Electronic address: Joshua.Liao@UTSouthwestern.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walter Family Distinguished Chair in Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Commissioner on the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, Washington, DC. Electronic address: Joshua.Liao@UTSouthwestern.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Electronic address: Joshua.Liao@UTSouthwestern.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078200694","display_name":"Ezequiel Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-6150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-6150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165951966","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02f6dcw23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165951966","https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezequiel Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["South Texas Radiology Group; University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas; Vice Chief of Staff, Methodist Hospital Texsan; and Chair of the AMA RVS Update Committee and AMA Digital Medicine Payment Advisory Group, Payment Subgroup","South Texas Radiology Group; University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-6150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Texas Radiology Group; University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas; Vice Chief of Staff, Methodist Hospital Texsan; and Chair of the AMA RVS Update Committee and AMA Digital Medicine Payment Advisory Group, Payment Subgroup","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Texas Radiology Group; University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044736802","display_name":"Melissa Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-2653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-2653"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343551460","display_name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04twxam07","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa M. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Patient Safety Quality Officer of Diagnostic Imaging for MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Chair of the Health Policy Committee for the American Society of Neuroradiology","Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Patient Safety Quality Officer of Diagnostic Imaging for MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Chair of the Health Policy Committee for the American Society of Neuroradiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057802775","display_name":"Ryan K. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-8570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-8570","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2274-050X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59130452","display_name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00thqtb16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan K. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard B. Hunt Centennial Chair of Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska","Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard B. Hunt Centennial Chair of Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59130452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008157537","display_name":"Christoph I. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-7721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-7721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799905417","display_name":"UW Health University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02mqqhj42","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I2799905417","https://openalex.org/I4210132596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132596","display_name":"University of Wisconsin Health","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3qgk42","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph I. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Thomas Grist, MD/GE HealthCare Distinguished Chair in Radiology Research and Vice Chair of Research, Department of Radiology, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; and Deputy Editor of JACR","Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-7721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Thomas Grist, MD/GE HealthCare Distinguished Chair in Radiology Research and Vice Chair of Research, Department of Radiology, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; and Deputy Editor of JACR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I2799905417","https://openalex.org/I4210132596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006868514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13671663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"11","first_page":"1426","last_page":"1428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14396","display_name":"Healthcare Regulation","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11894","display_name":"Radiology practices and education","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-as-a-medical-device","display_name":"software as a medical device","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reimbursement-policy","display_name":"reimbursement policy","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"radiology","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fda-clearance","display_name":"FDA clearance","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-adoption-barriers","display_name":"AI adoption barriers","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-reimbursement","display_name":"health care reimbursement","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779703844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760125","display_name":"Reimbursement","level":3,"score":0.8130271434783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.5104416608810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.49209922552108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.43071597814559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4293457269668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.40021973848342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39605334401130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.07830968499183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.05681249499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2025.08.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2025.08.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2025.08.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8481965","display_name":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","issn_l":"1546-1440","issn":["1546-1440","1558-349X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40803522","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40803522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409247276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7131395325","https://openalex.org/W4389703388","https://openalex.org/W4380151521","https://openalex.org/W4376121123","https://openalex.org/W4403674470","https://openalex.org/W4401280360","https://openalex.org/W4401831953","https://openalex.org/W4409155036","https://openalex.org/W7123703740","https://openalex.org/W4414798844"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
