{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413051178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.70032","title":"Personality Trait Profiles in People With Mild Intellectual Disability: A Comparative Study","display_name":"Personality Trait Profiles in People With Mild Intellectual Disability: A Comparative Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413051178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.70032","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40776389","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12580471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/jir.70032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.70032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.70032","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jir.70032","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67377460","display_name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","issn_l":"0964-2633","issn":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jir.70032","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026020974","display_name":"Renate van der Heijden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1459-4615","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1459-4615"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154300","display_name":"GGZ Oost Brabant","ror":"https://ror.org/05p2mb588","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154300"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renate\u00a0A. van der Heijden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Centre for Psychiatry and Mild Intellectual Disability, GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1459-4615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Psychiatry and Mild Intellectual Disability, GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040135055","display_name":"Paul T. van der Heijden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-1917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-1917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151180","display_name":"Reinier van Arkel","ror":"https://ror.org/04ggjpc96","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151180"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul\u00a0T. van der Heijden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070312329","display_name":"Hubert P. L. M. Korzilius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-6519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-6519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hubert\u00a0P.\u00a0L.\u00a0M. Korzilius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022823636","display_name":"Han Berghuis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-1531","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-1531","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0417-5067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115602","display_name":"Nederlands Paramedisch Instituut","ror":"https://ror.org/02g08q683","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115602"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Berghuis","raw_affiliation_strings":["NPI, Centre for Personality Disorders, Amersfoort, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NPI, Centre for Personality Disorders, Amersfoort, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047735008","display_name":"Robert Didden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-4269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-4269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154300","display_name":"GGZ Oost Brabant","ror":"https://ror.org/05p2mb588","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154300"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Didden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Centre for Psychiatry and Mild Intellectual Disability, GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, The Netherlands","Trajectum, Zwolle, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Psychiatry and Mild Intellectual Disability, GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154300"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trajectum, Zwolle, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026020974"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I4210154300"],"apc_list":{"value":3920,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3920},"apc_paid":{"value":3920,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3920},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17702775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"12","first_page":"1394","last_page":"1402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11093","display_name":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","score":0.7954000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11093","display_name":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","score":0.7954000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":0.17329999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.01720000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-intellectual-disability","display_name":"mild intellectual disability","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maladaptive-personality-traits","display_name":"maladaptive personality traits","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-pathology","display_name":"personality pathology","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borderline-intellectual-functioning","display_name":"borderline intellectual functioning","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-lability","display_name":"emotional lability","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-issues","display_name":"identity problems","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insecure-attachment","display_name":"insecure attachment","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suspicion","display_name":"suspicion","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narcissism","display_name":"narcissism","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-avoidance","display_name":"social avoidance","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbid-psychopathology","display_name":"comorbid psychopathology","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-services","display_name":"mental health services","score":0.5759999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551499885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183560","display_name":"Intellectual disability","level":2,"score":0.8177403211593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.7090147733688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6496665477752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.604665219783783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2865642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","level":3,"score":0.5655215978622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167925730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11861940","display_name":"Borderline intellectual functioning","level":3,"score":0.43447256088256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.42440152168273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.42234736680984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.31944119930267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.21078041195869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.15355363488197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008607","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Disability","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008607","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Disability","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008607","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Disability","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010551","descriptor_name":"Personality","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010552","descriptor_name":"Personality Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010554","descriptor_name":"Personality Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010554","descriptor_name":"Personality Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/jir.70032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.70032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.70032","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jir.70032","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67377460","display_name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","issn_l":"0964-2633","issn":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11389771","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12580471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40776389","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40776389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/322045","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/322045","pdf_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl//bitstream/handle/2066/322045/322045.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/jir.70032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.70032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.70032","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jir.70032","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67377460","display_name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","issn_l":"0964-2633","issn":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413051178.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413051178.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1907805474","https://openalex.org/W1965286773","https://openalex.org/W1976222193","https://openalex.org/W2000380427","https://openalex.org/W2055566656","https://openalex.org/W2124760669","https://openalex.org/W2138516825","https://openalex.org/W2168292061","https://openalex.org/W2324700970","https://openalex.org/W2585925727","https://openalex.org/W2767209353","https://openalex.org/W2772151094","https://openalex.org/W2791753912","https://openalex.org/W2914371813","https://openalex.org/W2943112039","https://openalex.org/W2952631889","https://openalex.org/W2969369821","https://openalex.org/W2992593233","https://openalex.org/W3021046165","https://openalex.org/W3022709453","https://openalex.org/W3109355298","https://openalex.org/W3185944774","https://openalex.org/W3187663668","https://openalex.org/W4213090017","https://openalex.org/W4244330657","https://openalex.org/W4251711944","https://openalex.org/W4280520940","https://openalex.org/W4281687410","https://openalex.org/W4283213516","https://openalex.org/W4285284607","https://openalex.org/W4303519484","https://openalex.org/W4312055664","https://openalex.org/W4327923045","https://openalex.org/W4378348320","https://openalex.org/W4383905256","https://openalex.org/W4391938623","https://openalex.org/W4392221470","https://openalex.org/W4398161580","https://openalex.org/W4402455719"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391938623","https://openalex.org/W7167629641","https://openalex.org/W4298620860","https://openalex.org/W1871994965","https://openalex.org/W2328190755","https://openalex.org/W4416387663","https://openalex.org/W4404163339","https://openalex.org/W4402455719","https://openalex.org/W7161367200","https://openalex.org/W2085927788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Personality":[1,133],"assessment":[2],"in":[3,46,167,189,227,253],"people":[4,47,62,79,96,114,162,174,178,205,219,226,254],"with":[5,48,63,80,93,97,115,138,163,175,179,191,206,220,231,255],"mild":[6],"intellectual":[7,34,99,243],"disability":[8],"(MID)":[9],"is":[10,40],"difficult":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,32,56,68,83,102,160,216,264],"their":[14,259],"communication":[15],"difficulties":[16],"and":[17,65,111,150,152,156,177,208,222,244],"lack":[18],"of":[19,25,52,61,70,78,95,113,132,204,212,218,267],"reliable":[20],"instruments.":[21],"In":[22],"addition,":[23],"characteristics":[24],"maladaptive":[26,58],"personality":[27,44,59,76,168,202],"traits":[28,45,60,77,203],"may":[29],"be":[30],"attributed":[31],"the":[33,129,161,242,265],"disability.":[35],"As":[36],"a":[37,183],"result,":[38],"little":[39],"known":[41],"about":[42],"(maladaptive)":[43],"MID.":[49,192],"The":[50],"aim":[51],"this":[53],"study":[54,236],"was":[55],"explore":[57],"MID":[64,81,139,176,207],"compare":[66],"them":[67],"those":[69,94,112,190,217],"two":[71],"comparison":[72],"groups.":[73],"METHODS:":[74],"Maladaptive":[75,201],"referred":[82,101],"specialised":[84,103],"mental":[85,104,121,228,250],"health":[86,105,122,229,251],"care":[87,106,123,230],"(n":[88],"=":[89,109,126],"75)":[90],"were":[91,171],"compared":[92,159,215],"borderline":[98],"functioning":[100],"(BIF,":[107],"n":[108,125],"69)":[110],"average":[116,232],"educational":[117,233],"levels":[118],"from":[119],"general":[120],"(AVE,":[124],"73)":[127],"using":[128],"Dimensional":[130],"Assessment":[131],"Pathology-Short":[134],"Form.":[135],"RESULTS:":[136],"People":[137],"scored":[140],"higher":[141],"on":[142,154,186],"Affective":[143],"Lability,":[144],"Anxiousness,":[145],"Identity":[146],"Problems,":[147],"Insecure":[148],"Attachment":[149],"Suspiciousness":[151],"lower":[153,184],"Narcissism":[155],"Social":[157,187],"Avoidance":[158,188],"AVE.":[164],"No":[165],"differences":[166,195],"trait":[169],"scores":[170],"found":[172],"between":[173],"BIF,":[180],"except":[181],"for":[182,249],"score":[185],"Almost":[193],"all":[194],"demonstrated":[196],"small":[197],"effect":[198],"sizes.":[199],"DISCUSSION:":[200],"comorbid":[209,223],"psychopathology":[210,224],"are":[211],"similar":[213],"severity":[214],"BIF":[221],"or":[225],"levels.":[234],"This":[235],"emphasises":[237],"that":[238],"clinicians":[239],"look":[240],"beyond":[241],"adaptive":[245],"disabilities":[246],"when":[247,261],"assessing":[248],"problems":[252],"MID,":[256],"while":[257],"meeting":[258],"needs":[260],"it":[262],"comes":[263],"treatment":[266],"these":[268],"problems.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}