{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413028653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y","title":"Realization approaches for constructing energy self-sufficient wastewater treatment plants: a review","display_name":"Realization approaches for constructing energy self-sufficient wastewater treatment plants: a review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413028653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279780","display_name":"Carbon Neutrality","issn_l":"2731-3948","issn":["2731-3948","2788-8614"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Carbon Neutrality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinyue Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyue Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404009","display_name":"Pu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6481-9961","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6481-9961"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034501340","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-0388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-0388"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019713957","display_name":"Kaifeng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-0365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-0365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405278299","display_name":"NUS Environmental Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05myqjr33","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405278299"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaifeng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5 A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore","School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5 A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4405278299"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613155","display_name":"Dong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6215-2118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6215-2118"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Municipal Water Resources Development and Utilization National Engineering Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200082, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Municipal Water Resources Development and Utilization National Engineering Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200082, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036589740","display_name":"Yiliang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-5727","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-5727","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2796-1386"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiliang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China","School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036589740","https://openalex.org/A5100404009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4586,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98830263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.46140000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.46140000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.45509999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10284","display_name":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","score":0.05590000003576279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment-plants","display_name":"wastewater treatment plants","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-self-sufficiency","display_name":"energy self-sufficiency","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-neutrality","display_name":"energy neutrality","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-conservation","display_name":"energy conservation","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-recovery","display_name":"energy recovery","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-energy","display_name":"embodied energy","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-recovery","display_name":"heat recovery","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-energy-recovery","display_name":"hydraulic energy recovery","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-regeneration","display_name":"energy regeneration","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"renewable energy","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficient-technologies","display_name":"energy-saving technologies","score":0.6940000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.8234661221504211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.5754591822624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780054868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16874480","display_name":"Self-realization","level":2,"score":0.4489598870277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44683247804641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4344196021556854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.41338998079299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3889056146144867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38316810131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.362209677696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33861684799194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1258275806903839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10901522636413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279780","display_name":"Carbon Neutrality","issn_l":"2731-3948","issn":["2731-3948","2788-8614"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Carbon Neutrality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16ae289ed8514c91975ceff49c22f2ae","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16ae289ed8514c91975ceff49c22f2ae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Carbon Neutrality, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-25 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43979-025-00133-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279780","display_name":"Carbon Neutrality","issn_l":"2731-3948","issn":["2731-3948","2788-8614"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Carbon Neutrality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.965499997138977},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413028653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413028653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":137,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W385941479","https://openalex.org/W1511023076","https://openalex.org/W1515550537","https://openalex.org/W1751797750","https://openalex.org/W1779767156","https://openalex.org/W1890987559","https://openalex.org/W1957108151","https://openalex.org/W1967408936","https://openalex.org/W1970027815","https://openalex.org/W1972897016","https://openalex.org/W1992569199","https://openalex.org/W1992592132","https://openalex.org/W1992884413","https://openalex.org/W1997759057","https://openalex.org/W2000215558","https://openalex.org/W2022809424","https://openalex.org/W2024422128","https://openalex.org/W2034629467","https://openalex.org/W2040843798","https://openalex.org/W2047548627","https://openalex.org/W2049241013","https://openalex.org/W2054853288","https://openalex.org/W2058018939","https://openalex.org/W2060335259","https://openalex.org/W2065457045","https://openalex.org/W2067103162","https://openalex.org/W2071875498","https://openalex.org/W2075740579","https://openalex.org/W2075786705","https://openalex.org/W2079202884","https://openalex.org/W2094402479","https://openalex.org/W2104336269","https://openalex.org/W2163067443","https://openalex.org/W2176249263","https://openalex.org/W2225144894","https://openalex.org/W2237126929","https://openalex.org/W2273709318","https://openalex.org/W2294594725","https://openalex.org/W2317302265","https://openalex.org/W2323408656","https://openalex.org/W2336306992","https://openalex.org/W2354732863","https://openalex.org/W2468195149","https://openalex.org/W2539662304","https://openalex.org/W2566457046","https://openalex.org/W2592716208","https://openalex.org/W2615113808","https://openalex.org/W2624471922","https://openalex.org/W2705856931","https://openalex.org/W2748822431","https://openalex.org/W2755471892","https://openalex.org/W2757067913","https://openalex.org/W2757706180","https://openalex.org/W2765168573","https://openalex.org/W2769869772","https://openalex.org/W2773919141","https://openalex.org/W2794329949","https://openalex.org/W2802791342","https://openalex.org/W2804664354","https://openalex.org/W2885388037","https://openalex.org/W2894133359","https://openalex.org/W2895208262","https://openalex.org/W2898399921","https://openalex.org/W2898861210","https://openalex.org/W2899358268","https://openalex.org/W2903502886","https://openalex.org/W2921136365","https://openalex.org/W2921801140","https://openalex.org/W2940364163","https://openalex.org/W2940733242","https://openalex.org/W2945924142","https://openalex.org/W2946903154","https://openalex.org/W2961628644","https://openalex.org/W2966576413","https://openalex.org/W2978419433","https://openalex.org/W2995638732","https://openalex.org/W2997641998","https://openalex.org/W3000555413","https://openalex.org/W3020940511","https://openalex.org/W3025208322","https://openalex.org/W3032981719","https://openalex.org/W3042611480","https://openalex.org/W3046786261","https://openalex.org/W3085820281","https://openalex.org/W3087649466","https://openalex.org/W3093830838","https://openalex.org/W3097591487","https://openalex.org/W3100293928","https://openalex.org/W3102694672","https://openalex.org/W3118511502","https://openalex.org/W3119636789","https://openalex.org/W3127993610","https://openalex.org/W3134060405","https://openalex.org/W3134884047","https://openalex.org/W3147646457","https://openalex.org/W3159164367","https://openalex.org/W3163627703","https://openalex.org/W3170505433","https://openalex.org/W3192070281","https://openalex.org/W3199490938","https://openalex.org/W3201350124","https://openalex.org/W3202291731","https://openalex.org/W3204566445","https://openalex.org/W3215379267","https://openalex.org/W4205639659","https://openalex.org/W4207079453","https://openalex.org/W4221097347","https://openalex.org/W4225709635","https://openalex.org/W4230033542","https://openalex.org/W4250235594","https://openalex.org/W4280588062","https://openalex.org/W4281720067","https://openalex.org/W4288809655","https://openalex.org/W4289635926","https://openalex.org/W4295743796","https://openalex.org/W4296520154","https://openalex.org/W4308151104","https://openalex.org/W4308333929","https://openalex.org/W4309518040","https://openalex.org/W4310477901","https://openalex.org/W4313468779","https://openalex.org/W4320489181","https://openalex.org/W4324367475","https://openalex.org/W4367838106","https://openalex.org/W4384895379","https://openalex.org/W4385922735","https://openalex.org/W4387341173","https://openalex.org/W4387874522","https://openalex.org/W4389070959","https://openalex.org/W4389149678","https://openalex.org/W4390763300","https://openalex.org/W4392372282","https://openalex.org/W4392877170","https://openalex.org/W4396696472","https://openalex.org/W4402093023","https://openalex.org/W4404612432","https://openalex.org/W6987975069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2895208262","https://openalex.org/W4417355861","https://openalex.org/W2592716208","https://openalex.org/W3023517719","https://openalex.org/W2620990906","https://openalex.org/W7138974593","https://openalex.org/W4205466664","https://openalex.org/W4412729605","https://openalex.org/W4285332358","https://openalex.org/W4210515864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Wastewater":[1],"treatment":[2,74,117],"plants":[3],"(WWTPs)":[4],"are":[5,65,91,156,171,236],"traditionally":[6],"known":[7],"as":[8,73],"energy-intensive":[9],"facilities,":[10],"where":[11],"substantial":[12],"energy":[13,35,53,61,89,95,98,106,132,146,181,190,207,211,216,228],"consumption":[14,62],"not":[15],"only":[16],"results":[17],"in":[18,115,133,145,154,192],"higher":[19],"operational":[20,79],"costs":[21],"but":[22],"also":[23,157],"contributes":[24],"to":[25,173,188,238,246],"significant":[26],"indirect":[27],"carbon":[28,43],"emissions.":[29],"These":[30],"emissions,":[31],"primarily":[32],"stemming":[33],"from":[34],"use,":[36],"contradict":[37],"the":[38,57,127,175],"global":[39],"agenda":[40],"of":[41,60,103,111,130,152,163,178,198,204,226],"achieving":[42],"neutrality.":[44,182],"This":[45],"review":[46],"investigates":[47],"strategies":[48,170,241],"for":[49,206,250],"transforming":[50],"WWTPs":[51,64,155,164],"into":[52],"self-sufficient":[54],"systems.":[55],"First,":[56],"main":[58,86],"sources":[59],"within":[63],"identified,":[66],"along":[67],"with":[68],"key":[69],"influencing":[70],"factors":[71],"such":[72],"technologies,":[75],"plant":[76],"scale,":[77],"and":[78,100,140,149,214,245],"strategies.":[80],"Based":[81],"on":[82,126],"this":[83],"foundation,":[84],"three":[85],"pathways":[87],"toward":[88,180],"neutrality":[90],"systematically":[92],"examined:":[93],"(1)":[94],"conservation,":[96],"(2)":[97],"recovery,":[99,208],"(3)":[101],"utilization":[102],"external":[104],"renewable":[105,215],"sources.":[107],"A":[108],"comprehensive":[109],"analysis":[110],"emerging":[112],"energy-saving":[113],"technologies":[114,148],"wastewater":[116,253],"processes":[118],"is":[119,186,221],"presented,":[120],"followed":[121],"by":[122,210,223],"a":[123,184,195],"detailed":[124],"discussion":[125],"recovery":[128],"potential":[129,227],"embedded":[131],"wastewater,":[134],"including":[135],"organic":[136],"energy,":[137,139],"thermal":[138],"hydraulic":[141],"energy.":[142],"Recent":[143],"advances":[144],"regeneration":[147],"their":[150],"feasibility":[151],"application":[153],"reviewed.":[158],"Additionally,":[159],"several":[160],"case":[161],"studies":[162,235],"that":[165],"have":[166],"successfully":[167],"implemented":[168],"these":[169,240],"examined":[172],"demonstrate":[174],"practical":[176,224],"effectiveness":[177],"transitioning":[179],"Finally,":[183],"roadmap":[185],"proposed":[187],"achieve":[189],"self-sufficiency":[191],"WWTPs,":[193],"emphasizing":[194],"core":[196],"strategy":[197],"\u201ccarbon":[199],"redirection":[200],"+":[201],"anaerobic":[202],"digestion":[203],"sludge\u201d":[205],"complemented":[209],"conservation":[212],"measures":[213],"utilization.":[217],"The":[218],"technical":[219],"route":[220],"supported":[222],"calculations":[225],"savings.":[229],"Despite":[230],"promising":[231],"progress,":[232],"further":[233],"empirical":[234],"necessary":[237],"verify":[239],"under":[242],"varying":[243],"conditions":[244],"explore":[247],"optimized":[248],"approaches":[249],"future":[251],"energy-neutral":[252],"management.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}