{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413019751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778","title":"Axial forces in transverse web stiffeners of steel plate girders \u2013 a numerical investigation","display_name":"Axial forces in transverse web stiffeners of steel plate girders \u2013 a numerical investigation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413019751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205118121","display_name":"Thin-Walled Structures","issn_l":"0263-8231","issn":["0263-8231","1879-3223"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thin-Walled Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007632702","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Nascimento","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-7591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-7591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9rgio Nascimento","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-7591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077527410","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 J. Oliveira Pedro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-3596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-3596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 J. Oliveira Pedro","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-3596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076778139","display_name":"Ulrike Kuhlmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrike Kuhlmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Structural Design, University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Structural Design, University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007632702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"],"apc_list":{"value":4440,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4440},"apc_paid":{"value":4440,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4440},"fwci":1.5553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78616557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"217","issue":null,"first_page":"113778","last_page":"113778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12940","display_name":"Structural Engineering and Materials Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-plate-girders","display_name":"steel plate girders","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axial-force","display_name":"axial force","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-buckling","display_name":"post-buckling","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-buckling","display_name":"web buckling","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/en-1993-1-5","display_name":"EN 1993-1-5","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-slenderness","display_name":"web slenderness","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspect-ratio","display_name":"aspect ratio","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flange-dimensions","display_name":"flange dimensions","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-grades","display_name":"steel grades","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-stiffeners","display_name":"longitudinal stiffeners","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-analysis","display_name":"finite element analysis","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196316656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371480","display_name":"Girder","level":2,"score":0.8455803990364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154954056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1604164","display_name":"Transverse plane","level":2,"score":0.7327753901481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6381786465644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5054783821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.43116945028305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3820376396179199}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205118121","display_name":"Thin-Walled Structures","issn_l":"0263-8231","issn":["0263-8231","1879-3223"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thin-Walled Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2025.113778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205118121","display_name":"Thin-Walled Structures","issn_l":"0263-8231","issn":["0263-8231","1879-3223"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thin-Walled Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G660697761","display_name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Civil para a Sustentabilidade","funder_award_id":"UIDB/04625/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8708304626","display_name":"High Strength Steel Stiffened Plate Girders: Buckling Behaviour and Ultimate Strength","funder_award_id":"SFRH/BD/146561/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315812","display_name":"Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability","ror":"https://ror.org/04dqesy58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30262690","https://openalex.org/W1491891466","https://openalex.org/W1984127371","https://openalex.org/W1989472934","https://openalex.org/W1996965611","https://openalex.org/W1999351895","https://openalex.org/W2009966945","https://openalex.org/W2039634654","https://openalex.org/W2076596999","https://openalex.org/W2079578551","https://openalex.org/W2134053004","https://openalex.org/W2155028855","https://openalex.org/W2244532621","https://openalex.org/W2306600506","https://openalex.org/W2576448301","https://openalex.org/W2808496071","https://openalex.org/W2991508943","https://openalex.org/W3204302444","https://openalex.org/W4205761813","https://openalex.org/W4379878255","https://openalex.org/W4393103599","https://openalex.org/W4399555345","https://openalex.org/W4404184946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386639180","https://openalex.org/W4379878255","https://openalex.org/W4297903273","https://openalex.org/W4413658450","https://openalex.org/W3194786211","https://openalex.org/W1999351895","https://openalex.org/W7125563853","https://openalex.org/W624418981","https://openalex.org/W1497072788","https://openalex.org/W4399555345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transverse":[0],"web":[1,11,172],"stiffeners":[2,30,70],"in":[3,67,85,93,105,146,209,213],"steel":[4,122,178],"plate":[5],"girders":[6],"are":[7,99,212],"used":[8],"to":[9],"reduce":[10],"span":[12],"and":[13,46,108,119,158,180],"increase":[14],"the":[15,21,33,38,42,48,68,81,116,169,181,190,205],"elastic":[16],"critical":[17],"buckling":[18],"load":[19],"of":[20,37,121,156,171,183,189,219],"panel":[22],"or":[23],"sub-panel":[24],"by":[25,40,75,216],"providing":[26],"lateral":[27],"support.":[28],"These":[29],"also":[31],"enhance":[32],"ultimate":[34],"post-buckling":[35,62],"resistance":[36],"girder":[39,124],"anchoring":[41],"tension":[43],"field":[44],"diagonal":[45],"prevent":[47],"flanges":[49],"from":[50],"moving":[51],"inward":[52],"[":[53,96,140],"1":[54,141],",":[55,142,194,199,201],"2":[56,143],"].":[57],"As":[58],"a":[59,130,153,217],"result,":[60],"this":[61,128],"behaviour":[63],"generates":[64],"axial":[65,82,206],"compression":[66],"transverse":[69,90],"which":[71],"is":[72],"presently":[73],"considered":[74],"most":[76],"design":[77,86],"standards\u2019":[78],"verifications.":[79],"However,":[80],"forces":[83],"specified":[84],"standards":[87],"for":[88],"intermediate":[89],"stiffeners,":[91],"particularly":[92],"EN":[94,210],"1993-1-5":[95,211],"3":[97],"],":[98,144],"typically":[100],"higher":[101],"than":[102],"those":[103],"observed":[104],"experimental":[106,138],"tests":[107,139],"numerical":[109,132],"simulations.":[110,165],"This":[111],"may":[112],"negatively":[113],"impact":[114],"both":[115],"economic":[117],"feasibility":[118],"sustainability":[120],"plated":[123],"structures.":[125],"To":[126],"investigate":[127],"issue,":[129],"calibrated":[131],"model":[133],"was":[134],"developed":[135],"based":[136],"on":[137],"resulting":[145],"13500":[147],"finite":[148],"element":[149],"(FE)":[150],"calculations":[151],"with":[152],"wide":[154],"range":[155],"geometries":[157],"materials":[159],"were":[160],"analysed":[161],"using":[162],"nonlinear":[163],"elastoplastic":[164],"The":[166],"study":[167],"explored":[168],"influence":[170],"slenderness,":[173],"aspect":[174],"ratio,":[175],"flange":[176],"dimensions,":[177],"grade,":[179],"presence":[182],"longitudinal":[184],"stiffeners.":[185],"A":[186],"statistical":[187],"analysis":[188],"ratio":[191],"N":[192,197],"st":[193,198],"code":[195],"/":[196],"max":[200],"FEM":[202],"revealed":[203],"that":[204],"force":[207],"predictions":[208],"average":[214],"overestimated":[215],"factor":[218],"2.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}