{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412988967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","title":"Can inter-stride variability capture signs of mixed tone in individuals with cerebral palsy? An exploratory study","display_name":"Can inter-stride variability capture signs of mixed tone in individuals with cerebral palsy? An exploratory study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412988967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40795448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30097070","display_name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","issn_l":"1090-3798","issn":["1090-3798","1532-2130"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049381617","display_name":"Gilad Sorek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0857"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801723264","display_name":"Alyn Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04qs54252","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801723264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilad Sorek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Helmsley PARC Research Center, ALYN Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Helmsley PARC Research Center, ALYN Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801723264","https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022027811","display_name":"Marije Goudriaan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-3867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-3867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marije Goudriaan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Offices, Student & Academic Affairs Office, Education, Education Policy, Utrecht University, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-3867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Offices, Student & Academic Affairs Office, Education, Education Policy, Utrecht University, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087744748","display_name":"Itai Schurr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1854-959X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1854-959X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801723264","display_name":"Alyn Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04qs54252","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801723264"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Itai Schurr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmsley PARC Research Center, ALYN Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; Motion Analysis and Biofeedback Laboratory, ALYN Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmsley PARC Research Center, ALYN Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; Motion Analysis and Biofeedback Laboratory, ALYN Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801723264"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045702201","display_name":"Simon\u2010Henri Schless","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-8324","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-8324"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801723264","display_name":"Alyn Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04qs54252","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801723264"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon-Henri Schless","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Helmsley PARC Research Center, ALYN Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; Motion Analysis and Biofeedback Laboratory, ALYN Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: shschless@tauex.tau.ac.il"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-8324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Helmsley PARC Research Center, ALYN Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; Motion Analysis and Biofeedback Laboratory, ALYN Pediatric and Adolescent Rehabilitation Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: shschless@tauex.tau.ac.il","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I2801723264"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045702201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I2801723264"],"apc_list":{"value":2940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2940},"apc_paid":{"value":2940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2940},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":null,"first_page":"74","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12241","display_name":"Children's Physical and Motor Development","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-palsy","display_name":"cerebral palsy","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dystonia","display_name":"dystonia","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spasticity","display_name":"spasticity","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"gait analysis","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-variation","display_name":"coefficient of variation","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatiotemporal-gait-parameters","display_name":"spatiotemporal gait parameters","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-profile-score","display_name":"Gait Profile Score","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.4970000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","level":2,"score":0.8156437873840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18007350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7394815","display_name":"STRIDE","level":2,"score":0.7744056582450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5404108762741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4499276578426361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3630296587944031}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077107","descriptor_name":"Gait Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004421","descriptor_name":"Dystonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004421","descriptor_name":"Dystonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004421","descriptor_name":"Dystonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30097070","display_name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","issn_l":"1090-3798","issn":["1090-3798","1532-2130"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40795448","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40795448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.07.014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30097070","display_name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","issn_l":"1090-3798","issn":["1090-3798","1532-2130"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309446","display_name":"Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/011x6n313"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027198870","https://openalex.org/W2050578981","https://openalex.org/W2053628882","https://openalex.org/W2055902356","https://openalex.org/W2060154183","https://openalex.org/W2060969870","https://openalex.org/W2061337104","https://openalex.org/W2102669129","https://openalex.org/W2148540129","https://openalex.org/W2613377457","https://openalex.org/W2924066668","https://openalex.org/W2972158651","https://openalex.org/W3006683456","https://openalex.org/W3010928173","https://openalex.org/W3084916966","https://openalex.org/W3119695552","https://openalex.org/W3202281464","https://openalex.org/W4281717343","https://openalex.org/W4283066661","https://openalex.org/W4298009080","https://openalex.org/W4306722800","https://openalex.org/W4385800959","https://openalex.org/W4393854103","https://openalex.org/W4394015543","https://openalex.org/W4399721905","https://openalex.org/W4400037075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402193399","https://openalex.org/W4318165592","https://openalex.org/W4386857436","https://openalex.org/W3119695552","https://openalex.org/W3022202033","https://openalex.org/W3168815148","https://openalex.org/W2063684528","https://openalex.org/W2164610810","https://openalex.org/W1990528015","https://openalex.org/W2396777533"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"The":[1,117],"identification":[2],"of":[3,32,75,150,199],"dystonia":[4,82,200],"in":[5,45,128,154,179],"addition":[6],"to":[7,26,185],"spasticity":[8],"(mixed-tone)":[9],"for":[10,40,55,136,141,176],"individuals":[11,46,57,76,158,180,186],"with":[12,47,66,78,120,159,162,181,187,206],"cerebral-palsy":[13],"(CP)":[14],"is":[15],"important,":[16],"as":[17],"it":[18],"can":[19,37],"alter":[20],"clinical":[21],"management.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"aims":[25],"examine":[27],"if":[28],"the":[29,96,103,112,139,191],"inter-stride":[30,172],"variability":[31,107,173],"conventionally":[33],"used":[34,39],"gait":[35,44,84],"features":[36],"be":[38,196],"recognizing":[41],"mixed-tone":[42,67,160,182],"during":[43,83,201],"CP.":[48,189],"METHODS:":[49],"Retrospective":[50],"treadmill-based":[51],"3D":[52],"gait-analysis":[53],"data":[54],"20":[56],"(mean":[58],"\u00b1":[59,63],"SD":[60],"age":[61],"10.4":[62],"3.3":[64],"years)":[65],"CP":[68,161],"were":[69,85,90],"extracted":[70],"(mixed-tone-group).":[71],"A":[72],"control":[73],"group":[74],"diagnosed":[77],"spastic-CP":[79],"and":[80,95,124,166],"no":[81],"individually":[86],"matched":[87],"(spastic-group).":[88],"Gait-kinematics":[89],"evaluated":[91],"using":[92,111],"Spatiotemporal":[93],"characteristics":[94,178],"Gait-Profile-Score":[97],"(GPS).":[98],"Selective-motor-control":[99],"was":[100,108,174],"assessed":[101],"by":[102],"dynamic-motor-control-index":[104],"(walk-DMC).":[105],"Inter-stride":[106],"calculated":[109],"per-individual":[110],"coefficient-of-variation":[113],"(CV;":[114],"(SD/mean)\u2217100).":[115],"RESULTS:":[116],"mixed-tone-group":[118],"presented":[119],"significantly":[121],"smaller":[122],"step-length":[123],"higher":[125],"CV":[126,140,153],"only":[127,138],"spatiotemporal":[129,177],"parameters":[130],"(p":[131,145],"<":[132,146],"0.050).":[133],"After":[134],"controlling":[135],"walking-speed,":[137],"cadence":[142,155],"remained":[143],"significant":[144],"0.001);":[147],"a":[148,197],"cut-off":[149],"11.5":[151],"%":[152,164,168],"could":[156],"identify":[157],"65":[163],"sensitivity":[165],"85":[167],"specificity.":[169],"INTERPRETATION:":[170],"Larger":[171],"identified":[175],"CP,":[183],"compared":[184],"spastic":[188],"Capturing":[190],"highly":[192],"variable":[193],"movements":[194],"may":[195],"biomarker":[198],"gait.":[202],"Further":[203],"prospective":[204],"studies":[205],"larger":[207],"sample":[208],"size":[209],"are":[210],"needed.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}