{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412975798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698205.3733960","title":"The GPT Surprise: Offering Large Language Model Chat in a Massive Coding Class Reduced Engagement But May Increase Adopters' Exam Performances","display_name":"The GPT Surprise: Offering Large Language Model Chat in a Massive Coding Class Reduced Engagement But May Increase Adopters' Exam Performances","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412975798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698205.3733960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3698205.3733960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698205.3733960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698205.3733960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087266","display_name":"ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/qy8zd","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018535992","display_name":"Allen Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-2111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-2111"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allen Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-2111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094066203","display_name":"Yash Chandak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-5549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-5549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yash Chandak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-5549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005121745","display_name":"Miroslav Suzara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-7861","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-7861"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miroslav Suzara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-7861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001422882","display_name":"Ali Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1201-5014","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1201-5014"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1201-5014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061308206","display_name":"Juliette Woodrow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8097-093X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8097-093X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juliette Woodrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8097-093X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114192450","display_name":"Matt Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9963-6583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9963-6583"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9963-6583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054695014","display_name":"Mehran Sahami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-6974","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-6974"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehran Sahami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-6974","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084989076","display_name":"Emma Brunskill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-7127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-7127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Brunskill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-7127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074969309","display_name":"Chris Piech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-0467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-0467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Piech","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-0467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.5921,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99839458,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"376","last_page":"380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.6679999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.6679999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.2551000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.03440000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpt-4","display_name":"GPT-4","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-education","display_name":"programming education","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/introductory-programming","display_name":"introductory programming","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"student engagement","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exam-performance","display_name":"exam performance","score":0.9490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.7362615466117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7166967391967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6225317120552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6106972098350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153279","display_name":"Early adopter","level":2,"score":0.528039813041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3312080502510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30878734588623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15410566329956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1298585832118988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11592033505439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0955776572227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09048125147819519}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3698205.3733960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698205.3733960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3698205.3733960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087266","display_name":"ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/qy8zd","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/qy8zd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/qy8zd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2407.09975","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.09975","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.09975","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:osf:osfxxx:qy8zd_v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/download/6628930d80d25c0de8f919e6/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:837f694b-eb15-4177-aa7b-4bd0d746ea1f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/qy8zd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2407.09975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2407.09975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2407.09975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/qy8zd","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/qy8zd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/qy8zd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412975798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412975798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511502075","https://openalex.org/W2012265254","https://openalex.org/W2095555232","https://openalex.org/W2104780889","https://openalex.org/W2114878153","https://openalex.org/W2130655523","https://openalex.org/W2138290169","https://openalex.org/W2139319950","https://openalex.org/W2305754340","https://openalex.org/W2511668119","https://openalex.org/W2586822554","https://openalex.org/W2890118063","https://openalex.org/W3034223452","https://openalex.org/W3134541205","https://openalex.org/W4321012208","https://openalex.org/W4382567087","https://openalex.org/W4384659608","https://openalex.org/W4387390331","https://openalex.org/W4390041933","https://openalex.org/W4392563703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4395445411","https://openalex.org/W7154057346","https://openalex.org/W7165990495","https://openalex.org/W4413070981","https://openalex.org/W4386044264","https://openalex.org/W7160894528","https://openalex.org/W4407207989","https://openalex.org/W7220767764","https://openalex.org/W7203725302","https://openalex.org/W7125242181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"are":[4,60],"quickly":[5],"being":[6],"adopted":[7],"in":[8,96,101,147,154,201],"a":[9,85,110,143],"wide":[10],"range":[11],"of":[12,27,64,67,76,139,157,169,236,241],"learning":[13],"experiences,":[14],"especially":[15],"via":[16],"ubiquitous":[17],"and":[18,34,55,239],"broadly":[19],"accessible":[20],"chat":[21,111],"interfaces":[22],"like":[23],"ChatGPT.":[24],"This":[25],"type":[26],"interface":[28,112],"is":[29,41,163],"readily":[30],"available":[31],"to":[32,109,142,173,175,198,230],"students":[33,92,106,128,176],"teachers":[35],"around":[36],"the":[37,65,74,127,131,137,166,225,233],"world.":[38],"Coding":[39],"education":[40],"an":[42,97,202],"interesting":[43],"test":[44],"case,":[45],"both":[46],"because":[47,56],"LLMs":[48,174,200,242],"have":[49],"strong":[50],"performance":[51,124],"on":[52,80,122,188,218],"coding":[53,81,99,204],"tasks,":[54],"LLM-powered":[57],"support":[58],"tools":[59],"rapidly":[61],"becoming":[62],"part":[63],"workflow":[66],"professional":[68],"software":[69],"engineers.":[70],"To":[71],"help":[72,231],"understand":[73,232],"impact":[75,217,235],"generic":[77],"LLM":[78],"use":[79],"education,":[82],"we":[83,103,118],"conducted":[84],"large-scale":[86],"randomized":[87],"control":[88],"trial":[89],"with":[90,107,113],"5,831":[91],"from":[93,177],"146":[94],"countries":[95,182],"online":[98],"class":[100],"which":[102,212],"provided":[104],"some":[105,116],"access":[108,172],"GPT-4.":[114],"Under":[115],"assumptions,":[117],"estimate":[119],"positive":[120],"benefits":[121,197],"exam":[123,148,185],"for":[125,210,227],"adopters,":[126],"who":[129],"used":[130],"tool,":[132],"but":[133,206],"over":[134],"all":[135],"students,":[136],"advertisement":[138],"GPT-4":[140],"led":[141],"significant":[144],"average":[145],"decrease":[146,162],"participation.":[149],"We":[150],"observe":[151],"similar":[152],"decreases":[153],"other":[155],"forms":[156],"course":[158],"engagement.":[159],"However,":[160],"this":[161],"modulated":[164],"by":[165],"student's":[167],"country":[168],"origin.":[170],"Offering":[171],"low":[178],"human":[179],"development":[180],"index":[181],"increased":[183],"their":[184,214],"participation":[186],"rate":[187],"average.":[189],"Our":[190,222],"results":[191],"suggest":[192],"there":[193],"may":[194],"be":[195],"promising":[196],"using":[199],"introductory":[203],"class,":[205],"also":[207],"potential":[208,234],"harms":[209],"engagement,":[211],"makes":[213],"longer":[215],"term":[216],"student":[219],"success":[220],"unclear.":[221],"work":[223],"highlights":[224],"need":[226],"additional":[228],"investigations":[229],"future":[237],"adoption":[238],"integration":[240],"into":[243],"classrooms.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}