{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412945623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.315","title":"CoT-based Synthesizer: Enhancing LLM Performance through Answer Synthesis","display_name":"CoT-based Synthesizer: Enhancing LLM Performance through Answer Synthesis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412945623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.315","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.315.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608652","display_name":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.315.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653180","display_name":"Bohan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8222-0873","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8222-0873"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering , Beijing , China","School of Information , Renmin University of China ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering , Beijing , China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information , Renmin University of China ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412323","display_name":"Xiaokang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-4801","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-4801"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering , Beijing , China","School of Information , Renmin University of China ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering , Beijing , China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information , Renmin University of China ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101681014","display_name":"Jing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-225X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-225X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering , Beijing , China","School of Information , Renmin University of China ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering , Beijing , China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information , Renmin University of China ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038246814","display_name":"Jifan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3430-4048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3430-4048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jifan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079294020","display_name":"Sijia Luo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sijia Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information , Renmin University of China ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information , Renmin University of China ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jie Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9818,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86299037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6286","last_page":"6303"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8227999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8227999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.08720000088214874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.022199999541044235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-of-thought-reasoning","display_name":"chain-of-thought reasoning","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-consistency","display_name":"self-consistency","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-reasoning","display_name":"mathematical reasoning","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llama-3-8b","display_name":"Llama-3-8B","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpt-4o","display_name":"GPT-4o","score":0.9980000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5957185626029968}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.315","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.315.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608652","display_name":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2501.01668","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.01668","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.01668","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2501.01668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2501.01668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2501.01668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.315","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.315.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608652","display_name":"Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1910011397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20299","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3763756418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276270","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8385808830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172424","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412945623.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412945623.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"inference":[1,50,106],"scaling":[2,51],"methods,":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5],"Self-consistency":[6],"and":[7,32,81,136,147],"Best-of-N,":[8],"have":[9],"proven":[10],"effective":[11],"in":[12],"improving":[13],"the":[14,27,105,141,153],"accuracy":[15,107],"of":[16,29,108,132],"LLMs":[17,98],"on":[18,26,100,140,152],"complex":[19],"reasoning":[20,58],"tasks.However,":[21],"these":[22],"methods":[23],"rely":[24],"heavily":[25],"quality":[28],"candidate":[30,69,74],"responses":[31,75],"are":[33,42,76,149],"unable":[34],"to":[35,59,103],"produce":[36],"correct":[37],"answers":[38,62],"when":[39,72],"all":[40,73],"candidates":[41],"incorrect.In":[43],"this":[44,101],"paper,":[45],"we":[46,84],"propose":[47],"a":[48,79],"novel":[49],"strategy,":[52],"CoT-based":[53],"Synthesizer,":[54],"which":[55],"leverages":[56],"CoT":[57],"synthesize":[60],"superior":[61],"by":[63],"analyzing":[64],"complementary":[65],"information":[66],"from":[67],"multiple":[68],"responses,":[70],"even":[71],"flawed.To":[77],"enable":[78],"lightweight":[80],"cost-effective":[82],"implementation,":[83],"introduce":[85],"an":[86],"automated":[87],"data":[88,102,146],"generation":[89],"pipeline":[90],"that":[91,124],"creates":[92],"diverse":[93],"training":[94,145],"data.This":[95],"allows":[96],"smaller":[97],"trained":[99],"improve":[104],"larger":[109],"models,":[110],"including":[111],"API-based":[112],"LLMs.Experimental":[113],"results":[114],"across":[115],"four":[116],"benchmark":[117],"datasets":[118],"with":[119,130],"seven":[120],"policy":[121],"models":[122],"demonstrate":[123],"our":[125],"method":[126],"significantly":[127],"enhances":[128],"performance,":[129],"gains":[131],"11.8%":[133],"for":[134,138],"Llama3-8B":[135],"10.3%":[137],"GPT-4o":[139],"MATH500":[142],"dataset.The":[143],"corresponding":[144],"code":[148],"publicly":[150],"available":[151],"repository":[154],"1":[155],".":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
