{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412945287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.630","title":"Lost in Literalism: How Supervised Training Shapes Translationese in LLMs","display_name":"Lost in Literalism: How Supervised Training Shapes Translationese in LLMs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412945287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.630","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.630.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915740","display_name":"Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting","issn_l":"0736-587X","issn":["0736-587X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.630.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032649444","display_name":"Yafu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7895-9997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7895-9997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yafu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I3133055985","https://openalex.org/I4391012619","https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ronghao Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I3133055985","https://openalex.org/I4391012619","https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011455054","display_name":"Zhilin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8123-1016","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8123-1016"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhilin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I3133055985","https://openalex.org/I4391012619","https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031895128","display_name":"Huajian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-6286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-6286","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9445-9819"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huajian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I3133055985","https://openalex.org/I4391012619","https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089949383","display_name":"Leyang Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-884X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-884X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyang Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102965197","display_name":"Yongjing Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-4612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-4612","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2958-0075"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjing Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I3133055985","https://openalex.org/I4391012619","https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600701","display_name":"Tong Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5842-6501","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5842-6501"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I3133055985","https://openalex.org/I4391012619","https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yue Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory \u2663 Westlake University \u2666 Zhejiang University \u2662 Northeastern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I3133055985","https://openalex.org/I4391012619","https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8993,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85484743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"12875","last_page":"12894"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10759","display_name":"Translation Studies and Practices","score":0.05909999832510948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.017999999225139618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translationese","display_name":"translationese","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-exercise","display_name":"supervised exercise","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literal-translation","display_name":"literal translation","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"machine translation","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-data-influence","display_name":"training data influence","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.7316516041755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45555979013442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36297473311424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10692939162254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.630","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.630.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915740","display_name":"Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting","issn_l":"0736-587X","issn":["0736-587X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.04369","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.04369","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.04369","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.04369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.04369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.04369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.630","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.630.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915740","display_name":"Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting","issn_l":"0736-587X","issn":["0736-587X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412945287.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412945287.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135056653","https://openalex.org/W7203756451","https://openalex.org/W4402671675","https://openalex.org/W7119868656","https://openalex.org/W4404823630","https://openalex.org/W4386977391","https://openalex.org/W7128396790","https://openalex.org/W4392616472","https://openalex.org/W7138858076","https://openalex.org/W4394948572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"achieved":[5],"remarkable":[6],"success":[7],"in":[8,27,65],"machine":[9],"translation,":[10],"demonstrating":[11],"impressive":[12],"performance":[13],"across":[14],"diverse":[15],"languages.However,":[16],"translationese-characterized":[17],"by":[18,103],"overly":[19],"literal":[20],"and":[21,43,68,85,106,127,133],"unnatural":[22,46,87],"translations-remains":[23],"a":[24],"persistent":[25],"challenge":[26],"LLM-based":[28],"translation":[29,100,119],"systems.Despite":[30],"their":[31],"pre-training":[32],"on":[33],"vast":[34],"corpora":[35],"of":[36,63],"natural":[37],"utterances,":[38],"LLMs":[39],"exhibit":[40],"translationese":[41,64,97],"errors":[42],"generate":[44],"unexpected":[45],"translations,":[47],"stemming":[48],"from":[49],"biases":[50],"introduced":[51],"during":[52,72],"supervised":[53,73],"fine-tuning":[54],"(SFT).In":[55],"this":[56],"work,":[57],"we":[58],"systematically":[59],"evaluate":[60],"the":[61,111,122,131],"prevalence":[62],"LLM-generated":[66],"translations":[67],"investigate":[69],"its":[70],"roots":[71],"training.We":[74],"introduce":[75],"methods":[76],"to":[77,116],"mitigate":[78],"these":[79,93],"biases,":[80],"including":[81],"polishing":[82],"golden":[83],"references":[84],"filtering":[86],"training":[88],"instances.Empirical":[89],"evaluations":[90,105],"demonstrate":[91],"that":[92],"approaches":[94],"significantly":[95],"reduce":[96],"while":[98],"improving":[99],"naturalness,":[101],"validated":[102],"human":[104],"automatic":[107],"metrics.Our":[108],"findings":[109],"highlight":[110],"need":[112],"for":[113,124],"training-aware":[114],"adjustments":[115],"optimize":[117],"LLM":[118],"outputs,":[120],"paving":[121],"way":[123],"more":[125],"fluent":[126],"target-language-consistent":[128],"translations.We":[129],"release":[130],"data":[132],"code":[134],"at":[135],"https://github.com/yafuly/LLM_Translationese.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}